The purpose of the study was to critically evaluate the updated Turkish writing curricula to decide whether they permit teachers to design higher intellectually demanding teaching sequences. This study was designed as a qualitative inquiry through a document analysis to estimate the pedagogically oriented intellectual demands of the curricular…

Teachers' questioning is a key practice that influences student learning, yet not all teachers' questioning is equally effective, and fine-grained analyses uncovering the details of teachers' questioning are scarce. My study investigated the types of questions asked by three in-service elementary school math teachers, the associated levels of…

Scholars have called for considering professional learning (PL) through the lens of complexity. One lens for operating amidst complexity is design. Designers thrive in complexity because of the responsive nature of their work; a designer develops their practice in response to a particular situation, adapting as it changes. Thus, a design lens is…

The purpose of this study was to understand children's operations on fragmenting schemes while they are engaged with three different visual models, including circle, rectangle, and length model. This study was a sequential explanatory mixed method, which included two phases that happened sequentially with the dominant use of the quantitative…

We examined the role of morphological processing in the reading of inflections and derivations in Arabic, a morphologically-rich language, among 228 first-graders and 230 second-graders. All words were morphologically complex, with differences in number of morphemes and morphological transparency. Inflections consisted of three morphemes, with…

Drawing on research in mathematics and science education that has supported student higher-level thinking in K-12 classrooms, we sought to classify the ways of thinking and reasoning supported by robotics coding tasks. As part of a larger project, we examined coding tasks implemented in elementary school classrooms and analyzed ways of thinking…

Digital learning increasingly makes use of realistic visualizations, although realism can be demanding for learners. Color coding is a popular way of helping learners understand visualizations and has been found to aid in learning with detailed visualizations. However, previous research has shown that color coding must not always be an effective…

Rubrics, which are designed to inform learners about assessment criteria and quality levels concerning a task assignment, are a widely used means to support learners in self-assessing their task performance. Usually, rubrics enhance task performance. Surprisingly, however, relatively little is known about the underlying mechanisms via which…

The articles in this special issue take an important step in beginning to test the PET framework. Together, these articles illustrate the importance of considering individual differences in attitudes and prior knowledge as well as differences in task demands when investigating the role of emotions in shaping cognitive processing while reading…

Background: The course on cognitive assessment is mandatory for all school psychology programs. However, there have been no published studies that have explored learning objectives for this course. Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine content covered and complexity of learning objectives in the cognitive assessment course. Method:…

The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze meanings that the term "complexity" assumes in Brazilian theses and dissertations in the field of environmental education, especially when addressing socio-environmental issues. The studies were selected from the database Theses and Dissertations of EArte (http://earte.net/), which is…

When it comes to choosing tasks, values can have a significant impact. This study explores teachers' values as they choose one task from among three that they believe will have the most potential to occasion mathematical creativity in the classroom. Participants' analyses of each task, as well as their reasons for choosing one task as most…

Word-problem features such as text complexity, charts and graphs, position of the unknown, calculation complexity, irrelevant information, and schemas impact word-problem performance. We compared the word-problem performance of typically achieving (TA) students and students with mathematics difficulty (MD). First, we measured the word-problem…

As learners engage, test, and apply new subject knowledge, they often expend their cognitive capacity on the technological tools designed to capture their learning progress and outcomes. The energy and attention spent on these tools reduces their capacity to engage deeply with new learning concepts. Digital literacy skills require both cognitive…

In this study at a research-intensive public university, a group of eight instructors across a range of disciplines designed a writing assignment in which students (n=104) chose to write to one of three audiences--the teacher, a novice, or an adjacent expert. Students were then asked to complete a questionnaire that included open-ended questions…