Evaluates possible differences in the cognitive representations of semantic categories between children and adults independent of spontaneous memory skills. Response latencies on a classification task were compared for second, fourth, and sixth grades and college students. (Author/MP)

The ability of subjects to scan only one of two sets of items in short-term memory was investigated as a function of the similarity between the items in the two sets, the type of test used to evaluate retention of sets, and the number of items in each set. Results indicated that this one-set scan ability is limited by the capacity of short-term…

Sixty children were individually administered the Matching Familiar Figures Test and the Bender Gestalt Test. A significant relationship was found between errors on the Bender Gestalt Test and impulsivity. Specifically, increased or decreased loops, change in angulation, loops for circles, and circles for dots or dots for circles were all…

Three predictions from the model of extraversion put forward by Brebner & Cooper (1974) were tested in a simple reaction time task. What emerges is a more coherent picture of the extravert showing him to be prone to two types of S-inhibition, the one generated by feedback and when response demands are low, and dependent upon R-excitation to…

Half the subjects were trained to use a serial rehearsal strategy during target set storage and half were given no strategy training. The results indicate that the rate of memory search is IQ-related, and that serial rehearsal training facilitates memory search when rehearsal is covert. (Author/BW)

Assesses the influence of rehearsal on recognition reaction times for items from target lists of a length exceeding the span of immediate memory. Also determines what effect, if any, the length of the target list has on recognition latencies that involve only retrieval from inactive memory. (Author/RK)

A model is proposed in which information processing is accompanied by dynamic processes, including the reorganization of items into active patterns and their subsequent displacement. Research using category names and instances showed that reaction times decreased with each successive repetition under one condition, but longer latencies were…

A study of 25 male college students (both athletes and nonathletes) who where either regular smokeless tobacco users or nonusers as they performed perceptual-motor tasks revealed significant differences in favor of athletes over nonathletes in terms of reaction time. Tobacco-using subjects showed significant increases in heart rate. (Author/CB)

Timed performance measures from a coincidence timing task taking about 10 minutes are shown to have significant correlations with psychometric general intelligence in a group of 56 children. The mean absolute error across three conditions correlated -.294 with Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices scores but was sex-biased, with girls being less…

Twenty fifth- and sixth-grade normal and disabled readers learned the meaning and pronunciation of unfamiliar words varying in length and in letter-sound regularity and complexity. Naming accuracy and latency were more strongly related to both regularity and complexity for disabled readers. (Author/BS)

It was hypothesized that infants' examining behavior, in contrast to other activity, reflects focused attention and active intake of information. The first study with 7- and 12-month-olds supported the hypothesis. The second and third studies investigated the effects of age and familiarity on both latency to and duration of examining. (Author/RH)

Effects of information feedback on reaction time (RT) and movement time (MT) on 10 moderately and severely retarded adults performing a discrete aiming task were investigated. Results suggested that specific training and feedback on RT decreased both RT and MT components, whereas specific training on MT reduced only MT. (Author/CL)

Evaluates preschoolers' ability to distinguish left-right mirror-images of objects on a memory task and ability to name rows of objects on a page in a consistent lateral direction. Abilities were assessed first without specific instructions on the relevance of left-right information and then with instructions. (Author/AS)