The competitive definition of success has fostered the popular notion that women are afraid to succeed. Recent research suggests that this anxiety is generated by the climate of competition, not success itself. Rather than training women to compete, the institutions and values that define success should be restructured. (Author/SK)

Presents a case study of an elementary school child with a learning disability to illustrate that both performance and disability have to be understood in terms of the social environments with which they are linked. (FL)

The article explores the interaction between the cognitive and affective, or emotional, aspects of human behavior, particularly as it relates to deaf children. Learning problems can sometimes be traced to affective disabilities resulting from a deaf child's communication problems. The author stresses the importance of self-identity, a good home…

In three experiments, memory for intentionally encoded words was compared with memory for encodings, induced by asking semantic, phonemic, or surface questions. Subjects were second-, fourth-, and sixth-grade students, and junior and senior high school students. (Author/MP)

The article defends the teaching of philosophy at elementary and secondary levels and examines some existing precollege philosophy curricula; special attention is given to the American Institute for the Advancement of Philosophy for Children and a Canadian effort to establish moral education in the schools. (SB)

Reports three experiments demonstrating that recall for words increases with deeper levels of processing and with longer rehearsal intervals. Asserts that there is no interaction between those strategies. (PMJ)

Sex differences in GCE 'O' level examination performance are reflected both in the number of boys and girls entering for different subjects and in the numbers obtaining the higher grades. From a review of possible factors, it seems that sex-role stereotyping is the most influential. (Author/SJL)

Results from correlated multiple-group component analyses of the Revised Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities (ITPA) subtests were given. Intercorrelations for each age group in the standardization sample provided strong support for the theoretical model underlying the Revised ITPA. (Author/MH)

The cognitive approach to foreign language teaching is discussed, and practical guidelines for classroom application of error analysis are presented. The cognitive approach seeks to develop a competence approximating that of native speakers without explicit reference to previously memorized material. (SW)

Mirror-image animal and nonanimal words of three to six letters were presented to subjects in a reaction time categorization task. A significant interaction of Word Length X Block was found for words presented over all four blocks. A shift from component to holistic processing was found for the repeated words. (Author/RD)

Describes a cross-cultural comparative study of recall memory among children from two Guatemalan towns and one American city. (CM)

Contextual facilitation appears to depend upon the mode of analysis of the prime. If the prime is analyzed as a meaningful unit, facilitation occurs. However, if it is subjected to a more discrete, letter-by-letter analysis, the priming effect vanishes. (Author/CP)

Phenomena are examined to support the conception that cognitive structures continue to reflect the numerous ways of apprehending the world that blend to some degree into each other. (AMH)

Examines the perception of components of written and spoken codes of human communication from a broad perspective in an attempt to identify possible similarities. (GT)

Reports on a study designed to: (1) produce a multiple-choice test which would measure children's comprehension of figurative language, and (2) obtain information about the development of figurative language comprehension in children. (Author/AM)