Challenges Carol Gilligan's (1982) assertion that there are two fundamentally different and gender-related orientations to morality, namely a male justice orientation and a female care orientation. Argues that Gilligan's view that these orientations are logically and psychologically incompatible and that their developmental origins are in early…

Reviews psychological research on motivation and educational achievement, discussing gender and contributions by feminist researchers. Feminist psychologists note sex bias and methodological flaws in traditional research on achievement motivation, proposing improved models (Eccles' expectancy x value model of achievement behavior). Contrary to…

Noting evidence of the "dark side" of legal education and the process of denial among faculty, describes recent psychological research on the components of happiness and life satisfaction. Asserts that this research provides an objective framework for understanding the pervasive problems in legal education settings and thus can lead to…

Examines developments in empirical research in family therapy training since Kniskern and Gurman's (1979) review. Assesses present knowledge concerning training outcomes in marital and family therapy from six studies of the development of instruments for measuring the outcome of training and nine studies which actually evaluate training outcome.…

Reports a study of the relationship between Type A behavior and self-reported stress among male and female Zimbabwean teachers. Teachers completed the Jenkins Activity Survey to measure behavior type and the Teacher Stress Inventory. Findings were consistent with traditional sex roles. (NL)

Tests self-serving attributional bias, attributing success to internal factors and failure to external factors among Blacks. With a sample of 35 Black and 35 White undergraduates, demonstrates this bias for both races. Finds Blacks attributed outcomes more to effort, whereas Whites attributed outcomes to task difficulty, a more stable factor. (DB)

Studies the current epistemological values of North American feminist psychologists. Explores whether the political commitments, personal identities, and professional activities of psychologists are systematically related to different worldviews and different beliefs about the nature of human experience. Lends support to the idea of situated…

States that the concept of developmental stages is going through a revival. Compares developmental stages from three points of view: (1) Piaget's original formulation, (2) cognitive development, and (3) socio-moral development. Outlines reasons for maintaining a hard-structural stage model by the Kohlbergian theorists. (GG)

Recent developmental studies have focused on children's learning strategies and on the socio-instructional dynamics that foster strategic learning. Discusses Vygotsky's concept of the zone of proximal development in the context of traditional cognitive strategies research and in terms of its practical applications. (Author/BJV)

Reviews recent research in the developmental psychopathology of children, the study of clinical dysfunction in the context of maturational and developmental processes. Many advances have relied heavily on the extension of paradigms developed in research with adults; offers directions for further research. (Author/BJV)

Reviews a doctoral dissertation that used Q methodology to examine educator's attitudes toward music education, based on Sam Reese's four positions regarding music education philosophy. Suggests that the study should have been based on a model with known or established accuracy. Recommends further research on music education philosophy using Q…

Forty-six full-term and 54 high-risk preterm infants were tested at six, seven, and/or eight months of age (corrected age for preterms) on assessments of visual recognition memory and tactual-visual cross-modal transfer. Scores significantly predicted Stanford-Binet IQ scores. Stability coefficients attained the highest degree of predictive…

Observed social interactions of 110 Embu children in rural Kenyan community bimonthly between 15 and 30 months of age. Found children who talked frequently, and whose vocalizations were responded to, performed better on assessment measures and showed more positive affect than children who had fewer social interactions or were carried a great deal.…

Examined expressions of spatial knowledge of first-, fourth-, and sixth-grade children who performed model construction, verbal description, and route reversal tasks after mastering a pedestrian maze. Age-related differences were found in rate of learning the maze, and equivalent abilities in sequencing intersections and route reversal. (SAK)

Outlines a cognitive model of the self-system, detailing the structural representation of self-relevant information in memory and the processes involved in retrieving and utilizing this information. Reports five experiments supporting the model. (MS)