Background/purpose. 21st-century skills are essential across all aspects of life in the modern era. Pre-service elementary school teachers must also develop computational thinking skills as part of the problem-solving process--one of the most critical 21st-century competencies. These skills are critical in science learning and serve as fundamental…

The purpose of this study was to examine middle school students' informal reasoning patterns and socioscientific reasoning about local and general socioscientific issues (SSI). The study was conducted with 59 7th-grade students using a case study, a qualitative research design. Data collection included activity sheets completed by students based…

The development of science and technology without individual environmental awareness has led to a decline in environmental quality. This issue can be addressed by enhancing environmental literacy, which includes ecological knowledge, cognitive skills, environmental attitudes, and behaviors. In practice, the question arises as to whether knowledge…

Mathematics education emphasizes Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) to enhance students' problem-solving and analytical reasoning. However, students often struggle with HOTS-based mathematical tasks, and the cognitive mechanisms underlying these challenges remain unclear. This experimental study employs electroencephalography (EEG) to investigate…

The importance of incorporating digital technologies into early childhood education is now widely accepted to help position children as creative producers and not just consumers of technology. Early childhood educators in turn have a key role to play in developing technology-related skills and competencies such as coding and computational thinking…

Persistence and graduation rates for students from low-income backgrounds are much lower than their peers. One high-impact practice aimed at improving success rates is the first-year seminar, but practitioners have expressed a need for guidance on improving the course to support students better. Utilizing a design-thinking framework, we developed…

Background: Computational thinking (CT) is an essential skill for preparing the younger generation to succeed in an AI-driven world, with pair programming emerging as a widely used approach to foster these skills. However, the role of individual factors and mutual engagement in shaping CT skills within pair programming remains underexplored,…

As a high school history teacher, author Dave Marshall integrated music more and more into his lessons over the years, yielding powerful results. Early in his career, this was done by playing a relevant song to start class--perhaps Edwin Starr's "War," before studying anti-Vietnam protests. Later, the author built full lessons around…

The purpose of this study is to investigate how mathematics-emphasised STEM PBL lessons develop pre-service teachers' creative thinking skills in mathematics. A sequential mixed-methods study was applied to deeply understand the results from the quantitative part of the study through qualitative analysis. While pre-service teachers' creative…

This study presents the design and development of an online learning environment that integrates Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) and gamification to support undergraduate students' higher order thinking skills. The research adopts a design and development approach, utilizing the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and…

This study aims to identify the characteristics of implementation and integration strategies of computational thinking (CT) and scientific approaches in programming education, viewed from the lens of educational levels, subject Matter, and research focus. The method employed is a systematic literature review following the PRISMA framework. A total…

Purpose: Abstract thought builds the basis for problem-solving and knowledge consolidation across the disciplines of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Scientists across these fields acknowledge its significance and have approached the topic from their distinct perspectives, and yet, in STEM, there is a lack of a unified…

Achieving deep learning in smart classrooms is an important issue in smart education. Research suggests that deep learning requires special scaffolding to support students' learning flexibility according to their own needs. In this regard, this study proposes a smart-classroom-oriented learning scaffolding that can reflect flexibility in learning…

Despite its transformative promise, information literacy (IL) remains constrained by its narrow locus and siloed nature. This study confronts this by synthesising insights from critical (CIL) and workplace information literacy (WIL) domains, thereby advancing the conceptualisation of the critical workplace information literacy (CWIL) construct. It…

When students learn with--and from--other students, it is called peer-assisted learning (PAL). How undergraduate medical students use their peers for their clinical-reasoning learning process remains unclear, although literature suggests that it is a promising learning strategy at this stage. This research therefore explores the question: 'How is…