This article presents and compares current research practices surrounding the use of rewards in classroom management. A motivational model emerges of the use of extrinsic rewards with special needs learners to build intrinsic motivation. Teachers' use of praise as the focal point to multiple rewards and students' need for equity are also…

Explores three meta-analyses investigating the relationship between music and mathematics on: (1) correlational studies (n=20); (2) experimental training studies (n=6) instructing students in music performance, then testing them on mathematics skills; and (3) experimental studies (n=15) investigating whether listening to background music during a…

Investigates the overall effect of Sustained Silent Reading (SSR) on attitude toward reading and identifies the moderator variables of SSR on it. Suggests that providing a fixed period of time for students to read materials of their own choosing either for pleasure or for information facilitates their attitude toward reading. Supports the…

A descriptive analysis of research practices and a meta-analysis of control group effect sizes are used to address Hawthorne effects in educational experiments. The analysis of 86 studies and 256 treatment/Hawthorne/no-treatment control group effect size comparisons indicate that artifact controls have limited utility in dealing with the Hawthorne…

This article reports findings from a "meta-review" and synthesis of research on variables related to learning, including both cognitive and affective schooling outcomes. Results confirm that distal policy variables are less important to schooling outcomes than quantity and quality of instruction, home environment, or student characteristics. (IAH)

Examines the problems affecting evaluation of distance education in developing countries in terms of economic, political, and social issues. Discusses one solution, a meta-analysis for synthesizing the results of research studies. (JOW)

Combines meta-analysis and process analysis to clarify the nature and magnitude of gender differences in cognitive, psychosocial, and physical tasks and their implications for mathematics and science careers. Findings indicate that learning and working environments should be redesigned to promote gender equality. (FMW)

Examines metamethodological issues concerning project organization and maintenance arising in large-scale research. Discusses problems in forming the research team, preparing the proposal, investigator independence, operational decisions, budget allocations, and basic assumptions about the research subject that require solution through…

This paper reviews 31 studies which directly compared two or more instructional strategies used with students who display moderate to severe handicaps. The efficiency and effectiveness of 13 strategies are reported, including error manipulation strategies, response prompting strategies, naturalistic teaching strategies, and stimulus modification…

Twenty single-subject investigations on early language interventions were reviewed. Treatments, including direct reinforcement of verbalization, mand-model, and time delay, were generally successful. Specific generalization training procedures were also supported. (Author/DB)

Presents a conceptual framework for comparing instructional design models and employing appropriate design applications. Highlights include the classification system on which the framework is centered and how the framework allows for the models' instructional context and the size of the audience. (27 references) (KRN)

This study reviewed 14 research articles in early intervention that included measures of parent satisfaction. The review found that all studies reported high levels of satisfaction, but analysis was hampered by the research methodologies used. Suggestions for improving methodology and directions for future research are offered. (Author/JDD)

Reexamines and organizes empirical literature to help counselors develop credible and effective interventions. Tries to place stress counseling within a responsible clinical methodology. A flowchart schema incorporating stress coping modalities--environment, cognitions, emotions, and personal life philosophy--is presented to systematize…

This meta-analysis of peer rating sociometric research on students with learning disabilities (LD) examined 17 studies. Results demonstrated that LD students have considerably lower sociometric status compared to nondisabled peers. The influence of ratee gender, rater gender, grade level, research design, and sociometric scale type is examined.…

Performed a meta-analysis on 18 studies in which a cognitive-behavioral therapy was compared with the same therapy supplemented by hypnosis. Results indicated that hypnosis substantially enhanced treatment outcome, even though there were few procedural differences between the hypnotic and nonhypnotic treatments. Effects seemed particularly…