Animated models explicate the procedure to solve a problem, as well as the rationale behind this procedure. For abstract cognitive processes, animations might be beneficial, especially when a supportive pedagogical agent provides explanations. This article argues that animated models can be an effective instructional method, provided that they are…

In this paper we report the results of a questionnaire survey conducted with 1777 Hungarian primary school children aged between 13 and 14 studying English and German. In our research we investigated the differences in the motivational and intercultural contact measures as well as determinants of motivated behaviour between learners of English and…

The present research examined whether individual differences in extropunitive (i.e., distrust, dislike, and discriminatory expectations of Whites) and intropunitive (i.e., internalization of society's disparaging views) responses to prejudice account for African Americans' concrete attitudes toward school (i.e., experience-based doubts about…

This study examines the relationship among five independent variables--integrative motivation, instrumental motivation, the need to fulfill a foreign language requirement, grade point average (GPA), and previous years studying Spanish--as predictors of five dependent variables: scores on a simulated oral proficiency interview (SOPI), final exam…

Past research has suggested that students need to be motivated by themselves (intrinsic learning motivation) and use higher-order cognitive skills so as to excel in problem solving, decision-making, and analytical reasoning in real-life situations. In this study, we examined the role of intrinsic learning motivation (ILM) and cumulative GPA in…

For more than two decades, the concept of student engagement has grown from simple attention in class to a construct comprised of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral components that embody and further develop motivation for learning. Similarly, the goals of student engagement have evolved from dropout prevention to improved outcomes for lifelong…

Macros are programming scripts that can be generated by recording users' actions. It appears that despite their potential for reducing monotonous work, they are under-used by non-programmers. The present paper reviews the literature on the use of macros. Included is an original study that examines the effect of adding the "search and replace"…

THE POSSIBLE IMFORMATIONAL, EMOTIONAL, AND CONCEPTUAL AND INTEGRATIVE FUNCTIONS OF FILM MUSIC WERE PRESENTED. A LIST OF TECHNIQUES FOR ACHIEVING THOSE FUNCTIONS AND CRITIQUES OF THOSE TECHNIQUES AS USED IN MOTION PICTURES WERE INCLUDED. TYPES OF INFORMATIONAL FUNCTIONS OF MUSIC EXPLAINED AND ILLUSTRATED WERE--DELINEATION OF PERSONALITY OR…

The introduction reviews a number of findings and problems in the measurement of achievement motivation and raises some questions concerning the possible friction between motivation to achieve and curiosity. Subjects for the two pilot studies es were ninth graders of average (95-113) and high IQ (128 +) from a predominantly upper middle-class…

Research on the function of color in instruction and learning is reviewed, and the rationale for its use in instructional materials and as an aid to learning is examined. Three points are made: (1) on the basis of research results, it is not yet possible to prescribe the use of color cues in instruction; (2) color is presently being used in…

The interaction between the individual and his reading was analyzed according to four major points, and the contributions that reading can make to his total development were discussed. The first major point discussed was purpose for reading. It was pointed out that teachers need to help each pupil see the need for reading in terms of his own…

This dual language manual, written in both Spanish and English, will help the teacher in a Behavior Analysis classroom utilize the Token System to motivate, reinforce, and foster independence in pupils' learning activities. The rationale and procedures for earning, giving, and exchanging tokens is clearly explained. The use of helpful accessories…

Independent Study (IND) programs are increasingly favored as part of the generally favorable attitude toward student autonomy. On the basis of experimental evidence, the unhesitating acceptance of IND does not appear to be completely justified. Some research studies found IND superior to traditional methods in terms of learning efficacy; others…

Eysenck's theory that variations in resistance-to-temptation (i.e., RTT) behavior are contingent on 2 basic personality dimensions -- introversion-extroversion and neuroticism -- which produce differences in conditionability was evaluated in a punishment paradigm with adolescent boys. Measures of manifest anxiety, self-control, and…