Future issues in educational and occupational testing were discussed at the 1985 Educational Testing Service (ETS) Invitational Conference. Gregory R. Anrig, ETS President, predicted that advances in cognitive psychology and technology would influence tests to serve individuals more than institutions, to help individuals learn and succeed, and to…

The process through which the basic principles and concepts of computer programming language are acquired by children was investigated via the development and testing of a teaching unit for fourth and sixth grade students. This unit had three components: (1) basic programming without variables; (2) basic programming with variables; and (3)…

The spring-summer and fall-winter 1983 numbers of the journal include these articles: "Body-Mind Integration Through Yoga" (Marie Paulyn); "The Effectiveness of Three Classroom Teaching Methods: Programmed Instruction, Simulation, and Guided Fantasy" (Elizabeth B. Groff, Gary F. Render); "Teaching Relaxation in School: A…

Trends in emphases in the study of clinical reasoning are examined, with attention to three major branches of research: problem-solving, knowledge engineering, and propositional analysis. There has been a general progression from a focus on the generic form of clinical reasoning to an emphasis on medical content that supports the reasoning…

The purpose of this report was to consider factors that might be important for understanding how schools as organizations respond to environmental stress. Literature from psychology, sociology, education, and political science is reviewed and an attempt is made to integrate a diverse body of findings, using concepts from general systems theory and…

The interest of the psychologist in bilingualism from its origins in the early 1900's to the present is traced. Bilingualism and intelligence are discussed as well as some recent studies on bilingualism and cognitive development. Several areas where psychologists may provide valuable insights into the process of becoming bilingual are discussed…

OUR EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM ENCOURAGES STUDENTS TO PERFORM IN ORDER TO MEASURE UP TO STANDARDS SET BY OTHERS RATHER THAN TO LEARN PERSONALLY, TO CHANGE THEMSELVES AND THEIR BEHAVIOR AS THEY EXPAND THEIR OWN CONCEPT OF REALITY. SUCH AFFECTIVE LEARNING, FAR MORE DIFFICULT TO PERCEIVE AND EVALUATE THAN COGNITIVE LEARNING, SHOULD BE CONSIDERED A MAJOR…

The techniques, procedures, and principal findings of 15 different experiments in a research program on interactive communication are summarized in this paper. Among the principal findings reported are that: problems are solved faster in communication modes that have a voice channel than in those that do not have a voice channel, modes of…

A bibliography on sources related to the structuring of the physical environment has been developed based on professional and classroom experience. This initial selection of journals, books, and unpublished papers gives an overview of man and the environmental conditions which are part of his daily living pattern. Information leading to design…

A series of experiments to discover the optimal learning situation were conducted using computer-assisted instruction based on a mathematical model. The instructional systems were adaptive in that the sequence of instruction varied according to a given student's performance history, and the program was organized to modify itself automatically as…

The principal task of this book was to examine some of the research evidence concerning the relation between personality and school achievement. Its source was the empirical research which bears on this issue rather than the various theories of personality. The reason for this was that the implications of many theories of personality for…

The contributions to this volume were drawn from selected symposia of the Division on Adult Development and Aging at the 76th and 78th annual meetings of the American Psychological Association. The four parts of the book are as follows: Part I. Individual Changes in Adult Intelligence: Longitudinal Approaches; Part II. Somatic Components of…

A modified iterative factor analytic method was applied to item responses of 346 male students in four community colleges in order to construct three experimental scales for the measure of motivation. A fourth scale, which appears to be a measure of goal-deficiency, was also developed. The four scales--tentatively identified as Intrinsic…

REPORTS WERE SUBMITTED OF EIGHT RESEARCH PROJECTS CONDUCTED BY DIFFERENT PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS WHO INVESTIGATED RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES IN VOCATIONAL AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION FOR NONMETROPOLITAN AREAS. THE REPORTS TREATED SUCH SUBJECT AREAS AS THE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS OF SCHOOL DISTRICTS, OCCUPATIONAL PROBLEMS AND VOCATIONAL…

This study investigated the relationship of dialect and race of five and six-year old boys to a listener's ability to report the oral response of boys to ten vocabulary items from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC). A group of 20 black and 20 white college students viewed videotapes of eight first grade boys who represented four…