It has been largely argued that intrinsic motivation is the best and most effective in sustaining language learning. Deci and Flaste (1996) posit that motivation must come from within. While this might be possible and effective in contexts where learners have a personal interest in learning a language, it is not always the case for those learning…

Background: Teachers' goals play an important role in teaching quality and student outcomes. However, the processes through which this aspect of teacher motivation translates into specific teaching behaviours remain unclear. Aims: This study investigates how goals directed at students and the classroom are associated with visual information…

Background and Aims: Drawing on self-determination theory, we investigated: How does teacher motivation vary over "time"? How does motivation vary across activity "contexts"? What is the association between teachers' motivation and affect? Sample: One hundred sixty teachers in two districts in the Northeastern United States.…

Background: Student ratings are commonly used to evaluate classroom processes. Research suggests that these ratings are not solely based on objective situational characteristics but also reflect rater characteristics. Although research has been conducted in K-12 settings, little is known about how person-specific and situation-specific factors…

Teachers perceive the characteristics of their teaching jobs differently. However, little is known about beginning teachers' perceptions of their teaching job characteristics and how their professional identity differs with these perceptions. Grounded in the job demands-resources model, we clustered three typical types of job characteristics…

Promoting student engagement has always been a challenging endeavor, and the global pandemic has added to the complexity by disrupting traditional classroom settings. Consequently, it has become vital to investigate and address the challenges that students face in environments with academic disruption. In this study, Structural Equation Modeling…

Using a descriptive cross-sectional survey design, this study investigates how different player types--achiever, explorer, killer, and socializer--engage with gamified learning elements in higher education. Grounded in Self-Determination Theory--which emphasizes autonomy, competence, and relatedness in fostering intrinsic motivation--the research…

Private tutoring is a fact of life in many education systems, including Vietnam. However, limited scholarly attention has been paid to this phenomenon in Vietnam from the perspective of teachers who provide private tutoring, whilst public discourse mainly criticises them for being 'corrupted' and greedy. Our study responds to this research gap…

Navigating the waters of higher education often presents students with unforeseen challenges and opportunities, prompting a reevaluation of their academic and personal goals. One such pivotal decision faced by a significant portion of the student body across institutions is whether to transfer to another school. This qualitative research study…

This study examined the feasibility of conducting a follow-up survey of panel attriters as a panel maintenance measure to investigate respondents' reasons for attrition, assessing their willingness to rejoin, and updating their addresses. We surveyed FReDA panelists who had not participated in two consecutive subwaves and were excluded from the…

Background: Individual achievement goals are influenced by the learning context, such as the classroom. In this social space, social norms emerge and shape motivation and behaviour. Classroom goal structures reflect injunctive norms (what is considered acceptable) and influence individual achievement goals. The role that descriptive norms (what…

With more and more non-Chinese speaking (NCS) students learning in Hong Kong mainstream classrooms, differentiated instruction has been called for application in Chinese language education to consider the diverse learning needs of all students. However, factors influencing Chinese language teachers' use of differentiated instruction remain…

In many Western and Eastern European countries, the habilitation is the highest formal qualification awarded by universities, ranking above the doctorate. Despite its central role in the European higher education system, little is known about the career trajectories of those who have obtained this degree. This paper systematically analyzes the…

This study aimed to identify and evaluate major processes college students engage in as they begin their active engagement in learning. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 college students. Then, a grounded theory approach was used to identify the forethought processes students described. These processes included identifying goals,…

High-quality teaching is vital for accommodating the individualised learning needs of diverse students. However, compared with specific explicit teaching practices, teaching styles that determine their use of teaching methods have received much less attention. This study investigated the contributions of inclusive education teachers' work…