This study investigated age-related differences in muscular strength and muscular endurance among 73 female masters swimmers aged 24 to 71 years. While an age-related decline in muscular strength was apparent, the results failed to reveal a similar trend for endurance, suggesting that swimming influences endurance more than strength among women.…

This study determined the maximal mean values for concentric and eccentric back-lift strength as well as isometric, and examined and compared the relationships between the mean peak voltage of the erectores spinae muscle(s) and maximal force exerted for the three types of muscle contractions. (RC)

Knee extension isokinetic peak torque was assessed at four angular velocities, and isokinetic endurance was assessed in eight college age men. Muscle fiber type was determined and related to isokinetic strength and fatigability. Results indicate that factors other than fiber type and initial strength level must influence the rate of isokinetic…

Postural deviations resulting from strength and flexibility imbalances include swayback, scoliosis, and rounded shoulders. Screening tests are one method for identifying strength problems. Tests for the evaluation of postural problems are described, and exercises are presented for the strengthening of muscles. (JN)

No significant differences in tongue strength were found between any of the three groups of 7- to 16-year old children: normal speaking with anterior tongue thrusting during swallow and open bite malocclusion, frontal lisping with anterior tongue thrusting during swallow and open bite malocclusion, and normal controls. (Author/DLS)

This study assessed the fundamental characteristics of the ice skating start. (MM)

Fitness development must be planned; it is not attained as an incidental consequence of participating in recreation or competitive activity. (JD)

The motor-driven treadmill and dual-drive bicycle ergometer are equally valid instruments with which to obtain maximal oxygen uptake scores with healthy college males. (JD)

Examined the physical self-concept of participants in a college strength training class based on self-classification into exercise stage of change at the beginning of class. Data from the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire indicated that upper body strength and self-report of physical activity were significantly lower for participants in the…

Examines the opinions of several experts on the safety of weight training during pregnancy, noting that no definitive research on weight training alone has been done. Experts agree that low-intensity weight training probably poses no harm for mother or fetus; exercise programs should be individualized. (SM)

This article presents kinesiological factors pertaining to the lower back which should be considered in exercise prescription for youth. Three specific areas of concern are reviewed--abdominal muscular strength, trunk flexibility, and postural conditioning in jogging. (IAH)