Research on nuclear families has reported support for an hypothesized inverse relationship between power and role-taking accuracy. Family members who are in subordinate (dependent) power positions are better able to predict attitudes and behavior of other family members than are those in relatively more powerful and independent positions. This…

THE CONCEPT OF A DISTINCT LOWER CLASS OR CULTURE IS OFTEN DETRIMENTAL TO THE STUDY AND COUNSELING OF LOWER-CLASS FAMILIES. CONFUSION ABOUT THE MEANING OF CLASS AND CULTURE IS DANGEROUS WITHIN THE SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES AND IN POPULAR THINKING. BY CLASSIFYING BROADLY, THE WIDE RANGES OF BEHAVIOR WITHIN CERTAIN GROUPS OR INDIVIDUALS ARE OVERLOOKED…

THE ACADEMIC, OCCUPATIONAL, AND SOCIAL ACHIEVEMENTS OF A SAMPLE OF HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATES (STUDIED PREVIOUSLY WHILE IN SCHOOL) WERE EXAMINED TO ISOLATE THE FACTORS OF ADOLESCENCE WHICH ARE RELATED TO LATER ACHIEVEMENT OR FAILURE IN COLLEGE OR AN OCCUPATION. THE PROJECT WAS A FOLLOWUP STUDY AND WAS CONCERNED WITH AN ANALYSIS OF DATA GATHERED AT TWO…

TO DETERMINE WHETHER STATUS-POSITIONS MAY BE CHARACTERIZED BY CERTAIN GENERAL BEHAVIORAL DISPOSITIONS AND PERSONALITY TRAITS, FACTOR ANALYSIS WAS EMPLOYED IN A STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIPS OF 52 STATUS-POSITIONS, INCLUDING SELECTED ETHNIC, OCCUPATIONAL, AGE, SEX, AND FAMILIAL CATEGORIES, WITH 28 PERSONALITY AND BEHAVIORAL CHARACTERISTICS, AS…

DESCRIBED AND EXEMPLIFIED IS A CODING SYSTEM FOR TRANSLATING ON-GOING BEHAVIOR OF CHILDREN AND ADULTS INTO A NUMERICAL LANGUAGE, THUS PERMITTING THE DATA TO BE SUMMARIZED AND ANALYZED BY COMPUTER. APPROACH IS BASED ON OBSERVATION. THE OBSERVER, WHO BECOMES PART OF THE ENVIRONMENT, REPORTS INTO A TAPE RECORDER THE RESPONSES OF THE MAIN FIGURE BEING…

AS A SOCIAL PROBLEM IN AMERICA TODAY, PREJUDICE CAN BE DEFINED EXCLUSIVELY IN TERMS OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR WHICH DENIES OR ATTEMPTS TO DENY EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY OR STATUS TO CERTAIN RACIAL, RELIGIOUS, OR ETHNIC GROUPS. PREJUDICE IS CONSIDERED A SOCIAL PROBLEM BECAUSE IT PRESENTS A THREAT TO SOCIAL ORDER BY BREAKING DOWN HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS, RESULTS…

THE BEHAVIORAL PATTERNS, BACKGROUNDS, AND THEMES OF CHILDREN'S REALISTIC TRADE BOOKS WERE IDENTIFIED. NINE CATEGORIES OF INTERPERSONAL BEHAVIOR WERE DEVELOPED AND DEFINED IN THIS INVESTIGATION OF CHANGES IN CONTENT OF CHILDREN'S BOOKS PUBLISHED WITHIN A PERIOD OF 40 YEARS, FROM 1920-60. FROM 780 SAMPLES REVIEWED BY THE EXAMINER, THREE JUDGES…

THE INTERRELATIONSHIPS AMONG PARENTAL CHILD-REARING ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES ON CHILDREN'S ACHIEVEMENT BEHAVIORS WERE EXPLORED. APPROXIMATELY 104 SECOND-GRADE BOYS WERE SELECTED AS SUBJECTS. FOUR MEASURES WERE EMPLOYED TO ASSESS ACHIEVEMENT AND THREE METHODS USED TO MEASURE ACHIEVEMENT-RELATED PERSONALITY VARIABLES. QUESTIONNAIRES WERE SENT TO THE…

In order to examine their willingness to disclose, subjects were given a questionnaire to test the relative contributions to such willingness of stimulus person (teacher, friend, parent, stranger), situation (home, college, public place, social situation), individual differences, and response mode (e.g., sexual behavior, voting preference). The…

The drug use patterns of Indiana youth from the seventh to the twelfth grades in 1977 and 1980 were assessed. Findings reveal that: (1) There is an increase in the availability of marijuana at all grade levels; (2) The percentage of students who have tried most of the illegal drugs has increased, with the larger increase among the older students;…

For many years researchers have investigated the relationship between alcohol consumption and human aggression. A "policy-capturing" methodology was used to determine how judgments of responsibility for aggressive behavior are influenced by information about a person's alcohol consumption, sex, and degree of injury to a victim. Male subjects (N=8)…

This collection of abstracts is part of a continuing series providing information on recent doctoral dissertations. The 21 titles deal with a variety of topics, including the following: (1) interpersonal communication patterns in whole families, (2) interpersonal conflict and cognitive complexity, (3) adult conceptualization of interpersonal…

Intrinsic motivation and self-reinforcement can be used identically to explain behavioral persistence in the absence of external reward. Yet the relationship between these concepts has not been adequately explored. Since intrinsic motivation appears to be dependent on an interesting task and self-reinforcement independent of task, it was…

An exploratory study was conducted to define and differentiate interruptions structurally and tactically. The participants were 60 college students assigned to female-female, female-male, and male-male conversational dyads. The dyadic conversations were recorded for 14 minutes, during a period of "getting to know each other" and during a…

The Situational Self-statement and Affective State Inventory, a research inventory comprised of five hypothetical situations involving interpersonal conflict, and a series of self-report measures of psychopathology were administered to 224 undergraduates to examine the correlational relationship between specific cognitions and affective states in…