This report presents results of several extensive empirical studies. Prior to these studies it was believed that errors in procedural skills such as multi-digit subtraction could be accurately modelled with two mechanisms: bugs ("competence" phenomena reflecting mistaken beliefs about subtraction which are stable over time) and slips…

The Enright Arithmetic Program is a diagnostic-prescriptive program designed to facilitate an effective remedial effort. This paper evaluates the effect of the use of the program on the performance of students needing remedial education in mathematics. The program begins by establishing for each student the exact set of skills that the student…

Because little is presently known about changes in children's knowledge of the logical principles of arithmetic and, more specifically, about how children's developing knowledge is reflected in the use of solution procedures, two types of three-term arithmetic problems were presented for solution to 6-, 7-, 9-, 11-, and 20-year-olds. Problems were…

This paper describes the effectiveness of the WICAT (World Institute of Computer Assisted Teaching) instructional system at three schools in Dearborn, Michigan. The focus of the WICAT student achievement evaluation plan at Salina Elementary and Junior High Schools centered upon 1-year and 3-year student achievement in reading and mathematics.…

This resource package deals with elementary level mathematics in daily living, substituting newspapers as a refreshing change from mathematics texts. A total of 40 exercises are intended to provide review and reinforcement for skills previously taught in formal lessons. Skill or concept areas included are: reading large numbers; basic operations;…

This curriculum guide lists mathematics topics and concepts, learning outcomes, and sample learning objectives (in three columns) for grades 1 to 8. Topics/concepts, in the first column, describe the major parts of the subject under consideration. They define broadly the content to be included in the study of each subject area. Learning outcomes,…

This review of the relevant literature in the area of numerical facility attempts to clarify the construct of numerical facility and provide guidance for items tapping this ability. The review is presented in five parts. The first section introduces two approaches that can be used to investigate numerical facility, including factor analysis.…

One in a series of core instructional materials for apprentices to use during the first or second years of apprenticeship-related subjects training, this booklet deals with basic mathematics. The first section consists of an outline of the content and scope of the core materials as well as a self-assessment pretest. Covered in the three…

After decades of neglect, adult numeracy and mathematics education are coming to be recognised as worthy of serious research but the area is beset by conceptual difficulties. Adult numeracy and mathematics may at last be "on the educational research map", but where exactly are they on the map? This article explores the question of what…

The research results indicate that, although sex differences in mathematical abilities are not pronounced before high school, for some reason by the end of that period boys do better than girls in mathematical computation and problem solving. Environmental and biological explanations, intervention strategies and further research needs are…

A mental ability test and an achievement battery were administered to a large sample of grades 4, 7, and 10 students from a midwestern province in Canada. Findings, in general, showed higher achievement in a majority of subtests with no sex and jurisdiction interactions. (Author/LMO)

RIDGES is a mnemonic device designed to give upper elementary and high school students a structure to follow when solving word problems. RIDGES stands for Read the problem; I know statement; Draw a picture; Goal statement; Equation development; and Solve the equation. (VW)

Direct instruction techniques were employed in a structured parental involvement program targeted toward improvement of basic arithmetic skills in six students ages 7-8. Among reported results was a statistically significant posttest improvement on an addition placement test compared to a control group performance without parental involvement. (JW)

Using data from a nationwide random sample for the 1976-1977 school year, this article studies effects of increasing the amount of math and reading instruction offered to third through sixth graders. All racial groups studied experienced diminishing returns at the observed amounts of instruction during the extended school day. Included are 3…

Describes a mathematics education research project conducted among seventh graders with the goal of identifying important processes, skills, and understandings needed by students to use mathematical ideas in everyday situations. Discusses information utilization skills required for solving a written problem containing extensive verbal and…