How games influence the psychological and social development of children is examined. It is pointed out that the current emphasis on competition and winning at all costs is harmful and that competition is not instinctive but a learned response to society's expectations. Other cultures such as the Eskimo and Chinese are presented as examples of…

Factors which mediate the life decisions of college men and women were examined. Undergraduates (N=107) completed questionnaires about career and family plans, notions of success and failure, integration of two potentially conflicting roles, and the relationship between personal values, life goals, and choices. Results indicated that: (1) women…

Data concerning the reported offenses of suspended students in a school district in the southeastern United States are examined to determine whether the disproportionate number of black student suspensions is due to ordinary problems of decorum or to actual challenges to the authority of the school. Offenses attributed to males and to females of…

In 1970, 1974 and 1978 similar surveys of alcohol and drug use were conducted using 10% random samples of Vancouver secondary school students (grades 8-12). The reported use of alcohol increased from 61% in 1970 to 71% in 1974 and 78% in 1978, while the use of cannabis increased from 39% in 1970 to 42% in 1974 and 47% in 1978. The use of tobacco,…

This longitudinal study of changes in play behavior in preschool children reports decreases in less mature forms of play and increases in more mature forms of play over time. The study was designed to test the assumption that the play of young children develops in a progressive manner. Ten 3-year-olds and ten 4-year-olds were observed during free…

The purpose of this study was to investigate nonverbal facial, body, and paralanguage cues to deception in children. A sample of 31 Hispanic and Black second and third grade students were videotaped while playing a color identification that required six honest and six deceptive verbal responses to a randomized stimulus presentation. Frame-by-frame…

This bibliography presents 56 works of current literature in the area of religion and occupational behavior. In general, the items included have a publication date of 1951 or later. Older works have been included only if their influence on the field remains great. Theoretical and speculative works have been incorporated only if they appear to have…

This paper is based on a classroom experience that showed the need of teaching American culture before attempting to teach American literature meaningfully to foreigners. The students in this learning situation were the Middle-Eastern employees of an American organization in the school year 1966-67. The teachers found out the students interpreted…

This study examined the usefulness of certain sociodemographic and psychological measures for explaining and predicting postrelease recidivism among youths treated in the New York State Division for Youth rehabilitation programs during 1971-1972. Changes in hostile behaviors were related most to program structure, but passive and work-related…

In recent years, communication research has examined the patterns of communicative behavior that manifest themselves normally across populations and situations. This study explored the relationship between two of these patterns, individual (trait) and situational (state) conditions of supportive and defensive communication. Subjects were 120…

This study was designed to compare the inter-/intra-correlational and the behavioral commonalities approaches to the assessment of attachment behaviors of infants to their mothers. At 7 months, 147 infants were observed (and videotaped) sequentially during a free play period with their mothers present, a separation from their mothers and then a…

A method of examining individual variation in responses to Inhelder-Piaget formal reasoning tasks is proposed as a means of identifying cognitive style components of formal reason and as a means of generating more complete descriptions of observable manifestations of formal reasoning. The method is one used by human ethologists and consists of…

A study of women's information-seeking behavior with regard to the purchase of cosmetics was conducted to determine the effects on their behavior of six individual variables (ambiguity about cosmetic products, price consciousness, income, amount of money spent on cosmetics, age, and education) and six social variables (perceived social utility of…

An ethnomethodological study with children aged 10-11 reveals that childrens' view of school, of school values and of friendships differs markedly from the adult view of these matters. In some cases these differences may lead to irreconcilable conflicts between teacher and learner where the teacher is unable to recognize the child's point of view.…

As part of a larger project on teaching reading, this paper describes the work involved in constructing an effective instrument to evaluate teachers' knowledge of reading pedagogy. Existing tests were reviewed and rejected because of their focus on specific knowledge and diagnostic concepts rather than on measuring the knowledge implicitly tied to…