National surveys of teenagers have provided information for making decisions about smoking prevention programs. Repeated surveys are necessary because smoking patterns change over time. The prevalence of adolescent smoking and the variables related to it were investigated as well as the potential utility of those variables in predicting habitual…

Because studies have shown that educators need to become more aware of the effects of stress upon their students, this guide presents basic information about stress and anxiety in children from infancy to adolescence. Experiences are provided through which students can learn to deal more effectively with stress, together with definitions of the…

Childhood aggression is among the most common and least transitory of childhood dysfunctions. Mother-only families have higher rates of childhood aggression than do intact, father-present homes. The effect of father presence and father absence on the aggressive behavior of family members was examined, along with the behavior patterns in families…

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of different tasks on behavior in mother-child interactions. Five tasks, varying in degree of structure and difficulty, were used in mothers' interactions with their children at 24 and 36 months of age. Subjects were Mexican-American mothers and their children. All were participants in an…

Parameters of intrafamilial discord have been identified in this study by examining interaction in the family of orientation, establishing their relationship to alcoholism in the invididual. The sample was comprised of 96 problem drinkers, both public and private patients, who are receiving help from Straight and Narrow Incorporated, Paterson, New…

To gauge the effect that different cultural attitudes and child-rearing practices may have on the development of empathy, the Feshbach and Roe Affective Situational Test for Empathy was administered to 64 Greek city children and to 60 Greek rural children, all aged six to seven. The empathic responses of the Greek children were compared to those…

This report is comprised of papers written for the 1976 conference of the National Association for Physical Education of College Women. The central theme of the conference was changing trends in physical education for women, how they influence the teaching of physical education in college, and their impact on attitudes toward women in sports. (JD)

The teacher inservice program described here is intended to familiarize the participant with the behavioral and learning characteristics of classroom children who have specific learning disabilities. Subjects covered include visual and auditory perception and learning; remediation of specific language, reading, and writing problems; and motor and…

The differences between aggressiveness and assertiveness were examined using the Interpersonal Behavior Survey (IBS), a 136-item self-report questionnaire which was developed to distinguish between assertive and aggressive behaviors. Item level factor analysis was used in scale construction. Results indicated that: (1) the correlation between the…

Body movements and facial expressions of males and females in a restaurant setting were examined, with the goal of providing differences in frequency as a function of age and sex. The subjects (N-197 males and N=131 females) were seated in three Seattle fast food restaurants and were selected on a semi-random basis and then observed for three…

The effects of a program designed to generate self-maintenance of resident living areas and increase self-initiated activities among older adults were investigated. Subjects (N=22) were rewarded with paper tokens which could be exchanged for personal items upon completion of cleaning and maintenance. They were observed as to the quantity and type…

Predicting occurrences of violent behavior in the population of emotionally disturbed criminal offenders was investigated by identifying a pattern of characteristics that significantly discriminates between violent and nonviolent offenders. Subjects were 149 current and former male patients in the Forensics Division of St. Elizabeths Hospital in…

This study examines and supports the hypothesis that diverse student behavior can be meaningfully and usefully construed when viewed from the single perspective described here as hedonism vs. the Protestant Ethic. Subjects were 1375 male and female undergraduate students. Anonymous questionnaires dealing with background, academic life, social and…

This study examines the effects of sex upon the perception, evaluation and reciprocation of self-disclosing behavior. Subjects were 68 Rutgers University undergraduates who responded to a written statement attributed to either a male or female. The statements varied according to level of intimacy; some disclosed intimate information, while others…

The relationship between student brinkmanship, defined as an assertive student behavior which attempts to challenge school authority while avoiding negative sanctions, and classroom social structure in five secondary school classrooms was investigated through a field study. Subjects were 185 students in a small rural high school in Georgia.…