In summarizing the results of naturalistic observations of children, it is often useful to have a reading of the child's overall deviance and the responses of social agents to these deviant behaviors. Traditionally, investigators have categorized a series of child behaviors as deviant based solely on their own assumptions with no empirical basis…

A brief introduction to various aspects of operant conditioning is presented, followed by a discussion of ethical concerns. Also discussed in this paper are topics such as (1) what is it? (2) motivation, (3) students need motivating, and (4) a new method. The latter part of the paper is concerned with a year long behavior project in an elementary…

The author uses a developmental model (1) to describe the developmental reinforcement process as it occurs in a child's life, using a hierarchical concept, and (2) to discuss some educational consequences of a reinforcement deficit. The developmental reinforcement process is composed of a hierarchy of four levels. Development takes place in…

Four studies report on the performance of fifth-grade child dyads and adult dyads on three problem-solving tasks, extending previous research on the structural properties of the communications and on factors influencing the accuracy of the communications. Aspects of performance investigated are: (1) relative participation of dyad members in the…

A PRESENTATION WAS MADE OF THE ANALYSIS OF BEHAVIOR THAT IS REQUIRED AS A FIRST STEP IN THE PROCESS OF DEVELOPING PROCEDURES AND MATERIALS FOR "DISCOVERY LEARNING." TEACHING BY THE DISCOVERY METHOD IS DESCRIBED AS REQUIRING THAT A MINIMUM OF STRUCTURED INSTRUCTIONAL SEQUENCE BE IMPOSED TO ALLOW THE CHILD TO (1) LEARN BY DISCOVERY AND (2)…

A review of the literature on cooperative, competitive, and independent reward structures and performance is presented, and conclusions are drawn which reformulate current beliefs about the interaction between reward structure and task structure. A brief theory of reward structure and performance is described, and conditions under which…

This paper, presented at the April 1976 meeting of the Eastern Psychological Association, reports part of an ongoing study of psychiatric interviews at Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital in Philadelphia. Faculty from the Department of Mental Health Sciences are videotaped in initial evaluative interviews with clients who volunteer from the…

Previous research (Bem, 1976) has shown that sex-typed and androgynous persons differ in their behavior in a variety of situations. The present paper describes four studies of the relationship of sex-typing to sexual socialization and to heterosexual attitudes and behavior. This program of research indicates that persons do differ in their sexual…

Selected data from a junior high school science assessment study are presented to demonstrate the potential of pattern analysis for teacher evaluation, and to illustrate its superiority over other classroom observation techniques. (CP)

Presents a conceptualization that there is a strong relationship between the personality characteristic of communication apprehension and a set of theoretically relevant behaviors. Predicts an empirical distinction between apprehension and attitude, and compares three self-report measures of apprehension. (JMF)

A modification of the sensorimotor patterning treatment developed at the Institutes for the Achievement of Human Potential by G. Doman and C. Delacato was evaluated with 45 seriously retarded institutionalized children (mean age 12 years). Journal availability: see EC 111 045. (Author/DLS)

Individualizing any educational program poses the problems of investigating the effects of different environments on different persons and developing appropriate strategies for matching environment to individual learners to enable them to perform to the fullest of their abilities. (JD)

Focuses on the effects of high-density housing on the helping behaviors and social interactions of the residents living within such buildings. Concludes by recommending ways to overcome some of the negative effects of high-density housing. (Author)

Focuses on the attainment of the decision-making skills necessary for successful growth and development in today's technological world. A specific decision-making model is presented with guidelines for providing suitable experiences for students. (Author)

Recent books relevant to the counseling of adults and adult development are here briefly reviewed. Relevance was interpreted to eliminate books dealing solely with the years beyond mid-life. Recency is used to include books from 1972 on. (Author)