To determine the number of distinct words in printed school English, a study analyzed a 7,260 word sample from the "Word Frequency Book" prepared by J. B. Carroll, P. Davies, and B. Richman. Projecting from the sample to the total vocabulary of school English, the best estimate was that it contained about 88,500 distinct words. Furthermore, for…

Every reader possesses five distinct vocabularies--listening, speaking, reading, writing, and potential--which grow at different rates, depend on the background and motivation of a particular reader, and are positively related to overall intelligence and reading comprehension. If students are to gain complete understanding of reading material in…

This controlled vocabulary comprising approximately 1,030 terms commonly used in the field of international development communication was created by the Clearinghouse on Development Communication of the Academy for Educational Development to analyze and index documents. This standard list of terms, designed to provide subject access to information…

Sixty-six children from average and low-ability reading groups in grades one through five participated in a study of the effects of vocabulary instruction on reading comprehension. The children were pretested for their ability to identify words and to supply meanings for the new vocabulary words in the next basal reader story they encountered. The…

Subjects 9 to 15 years old were divided into four age levels by 18-month increments to compare learning disabled and normal students on indexes of both oral and written language. Four questions guided the inquiry: (1) Does the syntactic development of oral language differ at the age levels measured? (2) What is the trend of syntactic development…

The relationship between vocabulary development with comprehension and the reading process has been carefully studied and clarified--but little research has been conducted into the vocabulary demands of the academic disciplines. In spite of this, many colleges have devised courses in content area vocabulary development, even though the relevance…

The effects of vocabulary instruction on word knowledge and reading comprehension were assessed in three experiments. In experiment one, employing 12 "average" fourth grade readers, and experiment two, employing six learning disabled intermediate level students, word synonyms were taught to pairs of students on three consecutive days.…

Research on the interaction of keyword treatment with materials or student characteristics in learning foreign languages was reviewed. Most of the studies implied that foreign language vocabulary learning was related to verbal, not visual-spatial ability or elaboration, conditions, and that student-generated keywords were more effective than…

SIX FIFTH-GRADE SCIENCE UNITS ARE PRESENTED--SOUND AND LIGHT IN COMMUNICATION, LIVING THINGS, WEATHER, EARTH AND ITS RESOURCES, MOTION AND FOREIGN TRANSPORTATION, AND ELECTROMAGNETS. THE INTEREST LEVEL IS APPROPRIATE FOR FIFTH-GRADERS, BUT THREE READING ABILITY LEVELS, GRADES 1, 3, AND 5, ARE PROVIDED. THE TEACHER IS THUS ENABLED TO MOTIVATE…

CHILDREN SHOULD BE ASSISTED TO READ AT THE FOLLOWING LEVELS, (1) WORD IDENTIFICATION, (2) CASUAL SKIMMING, (3) READING FOR EXACT, LITERAL MEANING, AND (4) CREATIVE READING FOR IMPLIED AND INFERRED MEANINGS, APPRECIATIVE REACTIONS, AND CRITICAL EVALUATIONS. THE GUIDE IS TO BE USED AS ONE OF THE TOOLS FOR TEACHERS IN AN EFFECTIVE PROGRAM OF READING…

IF STATISTICS WERE AVAILABLE ON THE DROPOUT RATE AND UNSATISFACTORY ACHIEVEMENT OF COLLEGE STUDENTS TAKING RUSSIAN, THEY WOULD PROBABLY SUPPORT THE WIDELY HELD OPINION THAT RUSSIAN IS DIFFICULT. THE DIFFICULTY IS ATTRIBUTABLE LARGELY TO THE FACT THAT RUSSIAN IS NEITHER A GERMANIC NOR A ROMANCE LANGUAGE, AND STUDENTS THUS FIND IT HARD TO RECOGNIZE…

THIS IS A GUIDE FOR THE WHITERIVER HEADSTART WORKERS. IT INCLUDES SECTIONS ON HOW CHILDREN LEARN AND WHAT MAKES A GOOD PRESCHOOL PROGRAM, AS WELL AS SUGGESTIONS FOR WORKERS WHO ARE INEXPERIENCED WITH YOUNG CHILDREN. IT ALSO DISCUSSES DESIRABLE PLAY ACTIVITIES AND MATERIALS, THE RESPONSIBILITIES AND DUTIES OF WORKERS, AND A VOCABULARY TO BE…

The spelling program described in this manual was designed with the idea that spelling study initiated in the elementary grades should continue through the middle school years. The manual first describes the program's objectives: to help students learn basic spelling rules, develop an interest in word lore and vocabulary improvement, and develop…

This discussion addresses the need for teaching vocabulary in the framework of second language instruction, aiming at communicative competence and using authentic documents as instructional material. The analysis is based on "Le Niveau-Seuil" (Threshold Level), and discusses the following elements of a functional methodology: (1) the fact that…

This study on the African child had three objectives: (1) to become familiar with the environment of the African child, (2) to investigate the vocabulary to which the child is exposed at home and at school, and (3) to compare the vocabulary of the native language with that of the school. The first part of the study constituted a linguistic study…