Describes a model for planned change in schools that proposes four phases of change: (1) institutional commitment; (2) alteration in policy and practices; (3) alteration in roles and actions of staff; and (4) student learning activities. (JOW)

Describes a Directed Notetaking Activity (DNA) based on three instructional principles: the split page method for structured notetaking; a self-questioning strategy for monitoring levels of involvement before, during, and after notetaking; and direct, explicit teaching of the notetaking process. (RS)

Presents an acrostic of the word "summary" designed to help students write a summary correctly. (RS)

Examines implications of incorporating a metacognitive focus in the curriculum. Recommends an integrative and contextualized approach to teaching children to understand and apply metacognitive strategies. (RAE)

Argues that teachers can help students improve their learning by understanding the reasons why students have not been successful, by identifying strategies that promote active participation in the learning process, and by teaching students how to become more responsible for their own learning. (RAE)

Illustrated are landmarks in the development of speechreading and its role in speech perception by individuals with impaired hearing. Covered are historical influences from 1450 to the present and issues in teaching/learning speechreading, such as the most effective unit of analysis for instruction and the impact of linguistic context. (JDD)

Examines gender differences in fifth- and sixth-grade students' self-reports of confidence, motivation goals, and learning strategies in whole-class and small-group sessions. Overall, results reveal few gender differences and indicate that students report greater confidence and mastery motivation in small-group lessons. Contains 55 references.…

Describes drama learning strategies applicable to many curriculum areas and pieces of literature. Explains how such strategies were used to explore a Chinese folk tale in a 45-minute session with second graders. (RS)

This paper examines the various types and functions of mnemonic strategies that may be used to expedite recall in students with learning disabilities (LD), reviews research in this area, and outlines avenues for research. The paper concludes that mnemonic strategies have an untapped potential for improving LD students' learning, retention, and…

The medieval writer, the nun Hildegard von Bingen, learned Latin without any formal instruction in it. Her case is described as an example of language acquisition by hearing it read, sung, and expounded and by visualizing it as though it were written down in a kind of phonetic script. (21 references) (Author/LB)

Comparison of external memory strategies in 31 children (ages 11 and 17) with mild mental retardation and 64 children without mental retardation found no differences between children with mental retardation and their age peers in frequency of use of object-oriented strategies. For all groups, external strategies were used more frequently than…

Pavlov denotes a family of stochastic learning strategies that achieves the mutually cooperative outcome in the iterated prisoner's dilemma against a wide variety of strategies. Although faster learners will eventually dominate a given homogeneous Pavlov population, the process must proceed through a gradual increase in the rate of learning. (JBJ)

Focuses on language awareness as the ability to view a language objectively. The implications of certain ideas on language awareness for syllabus design and course planning are highlighted and some inadequacies of direct approaches to language teaching are discussed. (15 references) (Author/CK)

Three experiments involving 176 college students assessed the long-term effectiveness of the keyword mnemonic relative to a non-mnemonic (semantic context) learning strategy. The keyword mnemonic produced superior immediate performance, but after two days higher levels of delayed recall were associated with semantic context learning. (SLD)

Describes the use of analogies to explain scientific concepts. Presents the teaching-with-analogies model. (JRH)