The external audit is a way of assessing the trustworthiness of a study, attesting to its dependability from a methodological standpoint and to its confirmability by reviewing the data, analysis, and interpretations and assessing whether the findings represent the data accurately. This paper discusses issues in the audit process, drawing on data…

This report examines research on initiatives intended to restructure military training with a focus on specialized skill training in military schools. Chapter 1 addresses the status of restructuring initiatives. Chapter 2 focuses on a methodology to examine the effects of restructuring and consolidation. It discusses in detail the elements…

Forty-five brief papers cover four areas: research integration methodology; standard curriculum topics in educational research and evaluation; individual differences and special programs suited to particular groups of students; and programs of research integration being conducted by the University of Illinois-Chicago Circle and the National…

Subsyllabic awareness was investigated with a word synthesis task completed by 96 children in kindergarten, first, and second grade. Evidence supports a developmental trend that shows performance improved with each grade. Children blended speech segments more easily when the segments were the syllable onset and rime. (SLD)

This response to a review essay on the limited presence of African American teachers suggests that the original work leaves out some issues surrounding teacher recruitment and retention and leaves some empirical work and interpretations unexamined. The examination of such "crises" in education is a promising avenue for research. (SLD)

A broader conception of scholarship would include four types of scholarship: discovery, integration, application, and teaching. If this broader conception can be incorporated into graduate education and if colleges and universities will hire and reward the graduates of those programs, new faculty will be better prepared. (Author/MSE)

A microarray experiment is presented that, in six laboratory sessions, takes undergraduate students from the tissue sample right through to data analysis. The model chosen, the murine erythroleukemia cell line, can be easily cultured in sufficient quantities for class use. Large changes in gene expression can be induced in these cells by…

This article is the first of a 2-part synthesis of an international seminar on the classification of children with disabilities. It synthesizes 6 papers that address broad questions relating to disability classification and categorization, cross-national comparisons on disability in education, the World Health Organization's "International…

Educators have been challenged to meet the needs of students with disabilities in the least restrictive environment. Although this mandate has existed for 30 years, local educators report difficulties with program planning; graduation and grading of students with disabilities; recruitment and retention of qualified teachers; ensuring access of all…

Educational taxonomies developed by Bloom, Krathwohl, and collaborators have been used for decades as frameworks for instructional objectives, curriculum design, and assessments of achievement. However, their scope is now too limited. The well-known cognitive domain is extended to include ideational functions of imagination and creativity, and the…

Perhaps the most distinctive feature of distance education (DE) is that it is characterized by noncontiguous communication between the supporting organization and its students. A theory of DE must include phenomena and concerns that are internal to its practice and can also embrace external conditions influencing or being influenced by DE. In view…

In this anthology, which ranges from essays through poetry, young African Americans express their understandings of their generation's shared experiences with racism, the educational system, and society as a whole, while affirming what it is to be Black in America. Many of the 57 selections are grounded in a moment of self-recognition, as the…

States are in the leadership position to effect pervasive and comprehensive changes needed in the educational system. There exist five key dimensions for analyzing initiatives resulting in systemic changes: (1) infusiveness, building upon existing knowledge; (2) pervasiveness, effecting improvements in all key components of the system, including…

This paper discusses various techniques that scientists and other professionals can use to keep current in their field despite the large amount of available information, such as consulting abstracts, indexes, reviews, and catalogues. It also examines specific language patterns that are used in the sciences to produce synthesis and abridgement,…

Two studies explored the nature of fourth- and fifth-grade students' abilities to synthesize information from multiple sources of text. The studies examined the ways in which elementary students approached a synthesis activity that involved reading two well-organized and related nonfiction articles, and then drawing upon that information as they…