How often are people wrong when they are certain that they know the answer to a question? The studies reported here suggest that the answer is "too often". The psychological bases for unwarranted certainty are discussed in terms of the inferential processes whereby knowledge is constructed from perceptions and memories. (Editor/RK)

The objectives of this research are to report an application of a complex evaluation design, the classic Solomon 4-group, to an organizational training program and to demonstrate the necessity and feasibility of conducting research of this type. (Author/RK)

Attempts to provide evidence as to whether the oft-reported positive association between occupation and job satisfaction is independent of the effects of other variables, and to examine the effects of occupational prestige on the net occupation-job satisfaction relationship. (Author/RK)

An attempt was made to uncover dysfunctions in any of the mechanisms in selective attention, as well as any unusual allocation policy, which possibly exist in schizophrenia. (Author/RK)

Nine years before the publication of Ebbinghaus's classic 1885 book on memory, an American physicist, Francis E. Nipher, published brief accounts of his own investigations on this topic. These accounts are reprinted, with commentary and a brief note about Nipher. (Editor)

Sets of pairs for a multiple-item recognition (verbal discrimination) learning task varied in their number of presentations during a single extended study trial. The test phase required old-new and right-wrong (functional) identifications of individual items. Results suggest that recognition of prior wrong items are mediated by frequency cues…

Attempts to determine whether a sufficiently demanding and difficult interpolated task (shadowing, i.e., repeating aloud) would decrease recall for earlier-presented items as well as for more recent items. Listening to music was included as a second interpolated task. Results support views that serial position effects reflect a single process.…

Behavior and attitudes may often appear unrelated in part because behavior may be viewed by individuals themselves as a response to specific situational factors rather than to attitudes. Two useful approaches to the issue have been provided by research concerning commitment to one's attitude position and ego-involvement with the attitude issue.…

The biorhythm theory of accident explanation that has been increasingly popularized in the business press was empirically examined. Municipal employees involved in work-related vehicular accidents and in on-the-job accidents provided the data. Each accident was analyzed to determine whether or not the accident occurred on a biorhythmically…

This article expresses some last thoughts from Abraham Maslow on his vision of humanistic psychology. He suggests that the two main problems of creating the good person and the good society are interwoven inextricably. He gives some social and political mechanisms which would enhance desirable personal growth and considers the main tasks of…

A previously proposed model for memory based on neurophysiological considerations is reviewed. It is extended by introducing positive feedback of a set of neurons onto itself and allowing the neurons to saturate. The resulting model is analyzed by distinctive features, categorical perception, and as it applies to probability learning. (Editor/RK)

Variables related to the intellectual functioning of 597 visually impaired persons were investigated. (Editor)

Superordinate cues (e.g., "animal" for "dog") and coordinate cues (e.g., "cat" for "dog") were compared in two experiments. Associability and not the superordinate or coordinate relationship seems to be important in determining the effectiveness of cues. (Editor)

In an experiment on the effects of blank trials on probability learning, some informational parameters were varied. The results showed that the presence of blank trials shifted response probabilities toward the guessing level. Data from other experiments are considered, and the relevance of the results to studies of behavior with concurrent…