The teaching and learning of Communication English for adult learners is unlike that for children. Understanding of the differences between adult learners' and young learners' traits is considered a must for all English teachers so as to provide appropriate teaching methods and materials for adult learners in Communication English learning. Thus,…

This article describes an innovative workplace English initiative that aims to improve access to English language instruction for immigrant workers. Developed by the National Immigration Forum, Skills and Opportunity for the New American Workforce (SONAW) is a first-of-its-kind, blended training program comprising 40% face-to-face instruction and…

The study aimed to design a program based on an e-community context to develop adult EFL learners' critical thinking. The study started with a review of the literature and previous studies related to critical thinking, its components, and e-communities where the study took place. The researcher designed the study instruments, including a pre-post…

In 2017, the government launched Career Learning Pilots in order to test the design and provision of various training approaches for working adults with low to intermediate skills. As part of this initiative, the Department for Education provided approximately £11.3 million in funding to pilot projects that offered flexible and accessible ways of…

The aim of this study was to verify if external factors influence persistence in online courses in higher education. These external factors, borrowed from Kember's (1995) model, included some students' characteristics; cost benefits; social integration of adult students (enrolment encouragement, study encouragement, and family support); and…

In L2 assessment research, assessments have traditionally been associated with large-scale testing or formal proficiency tests, primarily to record student achievement (Turner & Purpura, 2016). Classroom-based assessments (CBAs), then, are seen as offshoots of large-scale tests, thus, designed similarly (Turner, 2012). However, CBAs serve a…

Real world places are important for foreign language (FL) learning since they provide rich and authentic language and cultural contexts for learners. However, numerous FL learners are unable to travel to target-language environments for language learning purposes. This article develops the concept of telepresence-place-based FL learning and…

There is a dearth of research on hope in studies of second or foreign (L2) language learning. Therefore, the present research contributes conceptually to a deep understanding of hope for learning English as a foreign language and the ways it may be developed. To do so, an exploratory mixed-methods design was employed. Using in-depth interviews,…

In second language teaching and learning, making errors is inevitable as language learning requires a lot of cognitive effort and concentration on the part of learners. Understanding the types and frequencies of student errors is, therefore, an important issue for ESL and EFL teachers to determine how students can be helped to improve their skills…

The practice of self-directed learning is important to adult students as it allows them to learn effectively while juggling work, family and other commitments. This study set out to examine the self-directed learning characteristics present in the adult students' study process at the case university. The relationship between the adult students'…

Successful language acquisition hinges on organizing individual words into grammatical categories and learning the relationships between them, but the method by which children accomplish this task has been debated in the literature. One proposal is that learners use the shared distributional contexts in which words appear as a cue to their…

In this paper, we examine the post-secondary plans and attainment of adult learners in Toronto, Ontario. We first describe the population of adult learners in Canada's largest city, describing how they are largely made up of immigrants who use the continuing education adult day programs at the Toronto District School Board to upgrade their skills.…

This study examined the achievement goal orientations and resource management strategies of adult and traditional learners. Based on Elliot and McGregor's (2001) achievement goal theoretical framework and Pintrinch and colleagues' (1991) self-regulated learning conceptual framework, this study examined the difference of achievement goal…

This study used a qualitative interpretive approach to examine perceptions of adult students in their final semester prior to graduation by analyzing what they believe contributed to their persistence to degree completion. Participants were all pursuing undergraduate degrees, were 25 years-of-age or older, and were enrolled in one of three schools…

Non-traditional learners are currently the majority of students in higher education. One segment of this population are millions of adults with some college credits and no degree. Every year, the 400,000 students who leave college join those millions. When adults attempt to return to school, they experience low graduation rates. Despite over half…