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ERIC Number: EJ1474864
Record Type: Journal
Publication Date: 2025-Jul
Pages: 9
Abstractor: As Provided
ISBN: N/A
ISSN: ISSN-1363-755X
EISSN: EISSN-1467-7687
Available Date: 2025-05-21
Children Use the Relative Confidence of People with Conflicting Perspectives to Form Their Own Beliefs
Carolyn Baer1,2; Jan M. Engelmann1; Celeste Kidd1
Developmental Science, v28 n4 e70027 2025
We provide evidence that children sensibly integrate the judgments of different people who disagree according to their confidence. We asked children (ages 5-10 years, N = 92) to make judgments about what happened during unobserved events by relying on two informants who sometimes disagreed. Children integrated the reports of informants and formed novel beliefs endorsed by neither party by 8 years old when the informants reported equal confidence--for example, they selected a monster with six spots when one informant reported seeing one with four spots and another reported seeing one with eight. Unequal confidence across the informants biased children toward the judgment of the more confident party. That children can integrate social confidence judgments with conflicting information--considering and weighing the relative confidence of others to make up their own minds about what is most likely--represents a previously unappreciated mechanism of learning that is crucial to children's development as independent social agents. It allows children to become independent thinkers who can form beliefs that build on the knowledge of others without relying on identical belief adoption of one social agent over another.
Wiley. Available from: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030. Tel: 800-835-6770; e-mail: cs-journals@wiley.com; Web site: https://www.wiley.com/en-us
Publication Type: Journal Articles; Reports - Research
Education Level: N/A
Audience: N/A
Language: English
Authoring Institution: N/A
Grant or Contract Numbers: N/A
Data File: URL: https://osf.io/qsjyn/
Author Affiliations: 1University of California, Berkeley, California, USA; 2Algoma University, Brampton, Ontario, Canada