Seven-slide series produced by the Diafilm Studio are discussed as they are used as demonstration material for teaching students detailed familiarity with the morphology of the plants in given families and with the variety of their representatives. (Author/ND)

The variety of syntactic forms for expression of directives is commented on. Data has been collected investigating the empirical distribution of formal variants across social features and predictability of the form of a directive if social features of its context are known. (Author/RM)

To explore the preventive efficacy of training in coping and social skills, 121 high school students were assigned to four risk classifications, assessed by measures of psychological vulnerability and environmental adversity. (Author)

Illustrating the way in which poorly posed questions may adversely affect class participation and learning, this article presents examples of classroom questions that have been classified and analyzed; components of hierarchical questioning strategies; and methods for using questions to stimulate thinking and enhance classroom learning. (Author/JC)

A heterogeneous sixth grade class was divided into six competitive teams. Team members' individual grades were averaged to determine the day's winning team, which was rewarded with special privileges. Student enthusiasm and achievement improved. (SJL)

After a brief discussion of the types and kinds of tests, this paper surveys the use of tests in tracking minority students, test fairness, tests as predictors of school success, and ability grouping. (Author/AM)

Authors of the taxonomy made various claims about its properties that concern both educational and psychological issues; these claims have stimulated investigations of the taxonomy's validity. As the taxonomy is now entering its twenty-second year, this review attempts to survey these investigations and appraise the findings. (Author/CP)

Examines conditions which predipose group members to seek redress for a perceived injustice by forming an alliance against a group leader. Predicts that: (1) coalition attempts will be more frequent in unfair cases than in fair ones; (2) members of a revolutionary coalition will attempt to restore equity under specified conditions; and (3)…

Cluster analysis of nine dimensions of the social environments of 200 junior high and high school classrooms yielded five distinct types of classes: control oriented, innovation oriented, affiliation oriented, task oriented, and competition oriented. The clusters showed systematic differences in student satisfaction and mood, and in teacher…

The distinctive patterns of personal and career incentives of faculty affiliated with different types of colleges and universities reaffirms the centrality of organizational diversity to informed descriptions of American higher education. A refinement of the Carnegie Commission typology is offered to aid in the systematic study of organizational…

Presents a simple, logical, and structured system for teaching and learning all the various structure variations and reactions of organic chemicals. (SL)

Describing outdoor education curriculum potentials based upon the four seasons, this article suggests activities both inside and outside the classroom which could be adapted to seasonal changes. (JC)

Ongoing change in Wolof noun classification is traced by comparing nineteenth-century linguistic evidence with modern sociolinguistic data. Upwardly mobile middle-aged men of high caste tend to reduce the noun class system, whereas other speakers tend to elaborate it. (Author/RM)

The lateral eye movement paradigm was employed to test the hypothesis that narrow categorizers, who are believed to be more analytic in information processing, make characteristic use of the left hemisphere, while broad categorizers, being more holistic, depend more on the right hemisphere. Results are discussed in terms of cerebral specialization…

Examines three issues that are important in extending the learned helplessness model to clinical depressive disorders: first, the heterogeneity of clinical manifestations inherent in the depressive disorders, second, the process of constructing models for clinical depressive groups, and third, the problems involved in defining and identifying…