A study was conducted that used three formats for spelling practice, two multiple-choice or recognition conditions based on the Simon model and one production or recall condition. (The Simon generate-and-test model of spelling suggests that spellings can be learned from reading or visual exposure to the correct spelling.) The multiple-choice…

Visual aids are considered in relation to their place in second language learning as a means of avoiding native language interference. The proper use and construction of visual aids is discussed according to principles of casuality, parallelism, and contrast. For related documents, see FL 000 823 and FL 000 467. (AF)

High on the list of today's educational priorities is the effective programing of pictorial stimuli as language teaching tools. The value of any image depends on its content of information, and essential for clear comprehension of any picture are the principles of causality, parallelism, and contrast or negative comparison. Both artist and teacher…

Designed to provide teachers with a listing of sequentially ordered objectives in specific language arts areas, this kindergarten teaching guide was developed in Plano, Texas, as part of an elementary series keyed to the reading, language, spelling, and handwriting books used in that district. Divided according to visual, auditory, and verbal…

This is the fifth in a series of technical research reports by Harvard Project Zero which study artistic creation and comprehension as a means toward better art education. The three papers in this report all concern the bearing of projective geometry on the perceptual processes by which pictures are "read" for spatial information. The…

With the pervasiveness of television, especially for children, visual literacy is a growing concern. Television should be regarded as part of a potential solution to the country's need for improved education. "Sesame Street" has proved that children do learn from television, that active interaction is not always necessary for learning,…

As an extensive to an earlier report on pilot shows of The Electric Company that produced high and low visual attention in 2nd and 3rd graders, this study focuses on the effect of contextual attributes on the level of appeal. By analyzing sequences of presentations of bits of information, researchers found that bits of similar appeal levels tend…

This paper presents a review of research in which correlations between short term visual memory and reading achievement have been found. Included is a table summarizing the major research which made use of commercially available tests of short term visual memory suitable for use with children 8-years of age and older. The researcher, tests used,…

The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness ot two training sequences designed to increase auditory discrimination in preschool educationally disadvantaged children. Auditory discrimination is important because, among other reasons, studies have shown the existence of a high positive correlation between a child's ability to listen and…

Progress in the Instructional Film Research Program at Pennsylvania State College during 1948 is the subject of this report. Opening with a general statement, the report covers the following areas: developments and changes in organization; status and progress of projects; number, title, status, and progress of research projects; liaison; general…

Beginning with a survey of work previously done on the subject, this study attempts to learn more about how, and to what extent, children benefit from pictorial illustrations, with a view to improving instructional materials. Three areas were investigated with experiments using children from nursery schools and kindergarten to sixth grade. The…

This pilot study was a limited exploratory investigation of certain aspects of visual symbolization ability in matched pairs of literate and illiterate adults. It was asserted that written symbolization serves as an economical means of reality comprehension and testing. This basic function of symbolization must be learned and accepted…

Presented are guidelines for the development of elementary school programs to serve visually handicapped students in Indiana. The partially sighted child is defined and common hehavioral characteristics are listed. Recommended are adequate physical facilities, the use of low vision aids, and stressed is the importance of near vision for…

One hundred and sixty-six second graders were administered the Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities (ITPA) and a visual and auditory memory test. Intraindividual discrepancies between a child's performance on comparable visual and auditory measures served to identify him as a visual or an auditory learner. Significantly more 5-year-old…

A Title I 5 year Visual Literacy Experimental Program was initiated in four kindergarten classes during the 1972-73 academic year. The program was designed to focus on a hierarchy of visual skills and aesthetic experiences involving body language, graphic expressions, and photography, and to correlate these with the objectives of the classroom…