Thirty learning disabled and thirty nondisabled children (mean age 10 years) were compared on a paired associate learning task that simulated the process of sight word learning. Two instructional variables (response competition and stimulus complexity) that have been hypothesized as contributing to overloading in learning disabled children, were…

The comprehension approach to second language education emphasizes acquisition of listening comprehension prior to and as a vehicle for acquisition of other language skills. The following articles on this approach are collected here: (1) "Nonlinear Learning and Language Teaching" (Winitz); (2) "Aital cal aprene las lengas…

This paper argues that the most important role the intelligent videodisc can fulfill is to provide a mechanism for effectively integrating testing and instruction. This integration will produce at least four important benefits: (1) increased learning by the student, (2) more interesting instructional materials, (3) gains in the efficiency of…

A model drawn from recently expanding research literature is presented to clarify the process involved in the development of clinical depression. A body of literature is reviewed that deals with information processing, specifically memory, which relates to the selective recall of negative experiences clinically seen in depressives. A second body…

A study of technology students' understanding and learning in mechanics is reported, which was carried out at the Swedish Chalmers University of Technology, in the School of Mechanical Engineering. Data were collected on one group of students' progress through the required courses, and include regular examinations, interviews, a learning session,…

Noting that while individuals need opportunities to develop cognitive and symbolic understanding of communication principles and skills, this paper argues that they also need to develop an experiential understanding in order to use those principles and skills in building and enhancing relationships. To accomplish this, the paper offers a…

The hypothesis that feedback in programmed instruction is an important variable in the learning of novel, but not familiar, content was investigated. A linear, constructed response program dealing with the Sabbath rituals in the synagogue was chosen due to wide variability in student familiarity with this topic. Subjects were randomly assigned to…

Brazilian educator Paulo Freire was largely responsible for the education of the masses of illiterates in his country. Freire operated on the assumption that people have a problem-solving orientation to the world. Rejecting the predominant mode of education in which the educator imparts reality to passive students, Freire held that education…

This paper presents a developmental study of the effects of item rehearsal on children's short term memory. Two experiments are discussed. The first, involving second and sixth grade children, concerned the relationship between item retrieval ability and rehearsal strategies in item recall. The design of the experiment involved varying the visual…

The effects of different schedules of noncontingent reward on subsequent learning in children were investigated. In the first phase of the experiment subjects performed a block-design matching task and received one of three schedules of noncontingent reward, i.e., continuous reward (Group CRF), random reward on 50% of the trials (Group 50R), or no…

By 1960 there was a strongly developed theory of learning in which learning was considered as change of behavior. Neobehaviorist theories and then formal stochastic models analyzed processes in which probabilities of responses are altered. In the 1960's, analysis of learning as a discrete change between states of knowledge or stages of processing…

Cognitive science is a science of intelligence, of knowledge and its uses. Research is psychological theory follows four major themes: Perception, Attention, Memory, and Performance. Only when the range of cognitive mechanisms and functions is known, can possible theoretical approaches characterizing human thought and cognition be distinguished.…

A YEAR COURSE IN NINTH-GRADE SCIENCE WAS IMPROVED BY THE EVALUATION OF EACH LESSON USING A LEARNING PROFILE STUDENT RATING TECHNIQUE.THE PURPOSES OF THE STUDY WERE TO MAXIMIZE EFFICIENCY OF SCIENCE INSTRUCTION, TO MEASURE IMPROVEMENTS, TO TEST EFFECTIVENESS OF NEW MATERIALS, TO SUGGEST WAYS OF IMPROVING INSTRUCTION, TO EVALUATE ACTIVITIES ON A…

A CRITICAL REVIEW OF PSYCHOLOGICAL LITERATURE AND A RESEARCH METHODS INVENTORY, RELATING TO THE LEARNING OF MATHEMATICS AT ALL ACADEMIC LEVELS, WERE CONDUCTED TO DEVELOP A HANDBOOK OR GUIDE FOR USE BY INVESTIGATORS IN THE FIELD OF MATHEMATICS TEACHING. THIS EFFORT TOOK PLACE DURING A 3-MONTH PERIOD WHICH INCLUDED SYSTEMATIC SURVEYS OF LITERATURE…