This study examined the ability of preschool children to process and use conceptual category information in a disrcimination learning task. A total of 60 boys and girls between the ages of 2 1/2 and 4 years completed a 3-choice discrimination learning task. On each of 12 trials, a child was presented with three magazine photographs: one of an…

This investigation tested the effects of a reading method on the ability of delinquent students to retain information. The method used involved a consolidation of advance organizers, student-developed pre-reading questions, establishment of purposes for reading, and the questions "who, what, where, when, why, or how." Eighteen subjects…

This study investigated whether recall of expository information by a learner will be affected by the mode or combination of modes through which the information is presented. Subjects, 359 fifth-grade students, were randomly stratified into four treatment groups on the basis of sex and reading ability. Treatment for each of the groups was as…

This paper proposes that interpersonal skills be developed through the use of a skill/subskill strategy which is effected by means of an Experiential Training Unit (ETU), or series of sequential training activities. Specifically, ETU training activities focus on the development of several skills: cognitive, transformation, activation, preliminary…

Since vision is the main source of perceptual information, this study attempted to assess the effect of motion information on the ability of ninety-two, first-grade children to analyze and depict spatial relationships. Three groups of children received either motion picture or stationary visual training to compare motion effects with methods more…

The dynamics of health education are encompassed in understanding human behavior (its causes and consequences), and this book seeks to outline learning experiences that will correspond to specific behavioral objectives relating to health education. The systematic planning and instructional design center around 11 concepts: (1) Growth and…

To develop a coherent description of the knowledge and processes involved in skillful word recognition, a study was devised in which 16 adults participated in four related experiments. The purpose of the first experiment was to examine some basic aspects of the processing of words, pseudowords, and nonwords and to discover basic differences in…

Cued-recall and two-alternative, forced-choice recognition measures were used to evaluate subjects' retention of the specific wordings of studied texts. Results obtained after 10-minute and 24 hour retention intervals suggest that the studied wordings of texts are functional components of their memory representations. Theories that assume…

A framework for viewing human text comprehension, memory, and recall is presented that assumes patterns of abstract conceptual relations are used to guide processing. These patterns consist of clusters of knowledge that encode prototypical co-occurrences of situations and events in narrative texts. The patterns are assumed to be a part of a…

The purpose of this study was to provide a more complete understanding of the storage and retrieval processes of developmentally different youngsters. Forty-four second and fourth grade subjects were given a lesson consisting of 25 facts to learn and remember. Half of the group learned the facts in a context containing superordinate statements…

The experiment described in this paper is concerned with prose learning. In the field of the psychology of learning, a section was arbitrarily chosen and covered by 21 passages of equal length. Six contained the essential information concerning the six keywords (elements) of the domain. The fifteen others dealt with all possible relationships…

This report describes research on Bartlett's theory of constructive memory. In experiment one, schematic retention is related to Tulving's distinction between episodic and semantic memory. With the passage of time, memory for prose reflects decreasing output from episodic memory and increasing output from semantic memory. In experiment two,…

The three basic language learning models are the rote-memory model (prescriptive), the abilities model (behavioristic), and the critical age model. If this last model, a deterministic one based on observable facts about the human condition, becomes as popular in American schools as it is in British schools, language will become an important aspect…

This paper, a discussion of papers by Robert S. Randall, Greta Fein, Richard Bauman and Murray Newman, looks at informal learning from an anthropological viewpoint with an emphasis on inversive theory. It is suggested that the irrational elements of informal learning, the combinations of order and disorder, allow children to relate to reality by…

Three research studies were performed to assess patterns of memory organization with respect to complementary and similarity dimensions, referring to associations based on functional relatedness and grammatical relatedness, respectively. The first study failed to replicate the results of a study by Denney and Ziobrowski (1972), indicating that…