For very young children, scribbling with a pencil and attempting to form letters to convey messages is often a significant prelude to early reading progress. (JD)

Considers what mathematics curriculum is best for all elementary students. Suggests folk mathematics instead of school mathematics, a mathematics that is relevant to student conceptual awareness. Outlines the processes that teachers should follow in fulfilling this objective. (RK)

Moral education is described here as the process of getting better and better at dealing fairly with conflicting perspectives on what is right in a particular situation. (Author/AM)

The relative efficacy of training in self-monitoring, self-reward, and planning as aids to self-control was examined. Subjects received training in a standard study method and received degrees of training in self-control. The group that received training in self-monitoring, self-reward, and planning strategies significantly outperformed other…

Presents empirical findings concerning the impact of films on the learning of the audience and describes the rationale and development of a film series which may be utilized by instructors concerned with values education. Available from: Film & History, The Historians Film Committee, c/o The History Faculty, New Jersey Institute of Technology,…

The differential effects of studying for recall and recognition tests were studied by means of a transfer experiment. The 48 subjects learned three lists of paired associates with either all recall tests or all recognition tests and then were transferred to a fourth list with either the same test or the other test. (Editor)

Associating a clear function with verb forms will minimize difficulties for ESL learners. One important function in most learning situations is description. An area of "core description" pivoting on the stem and stem plus "s" verb forms can be established and learners can express most concepts in core terms. (CHK)

According to the learned helplessness hypothesis, the learning impairment typically displayed by subjects previously given insoluble problems results from the real learning of response-outcome independence. This learning is represented as a belief in helplessness that interferes with the subsequent acquisition of adaptive responses. Two…

Analyzes the process of learning--both intentional and non-intentional--and concludes that the view that learning is learning only if it is formal and intentional is false. (RK)

In these studies, people recalled additional, previously unrecalled information from stories following instruction to take a new perspective. The data clearly show the operation of retrieval processes independent from encoding processes. (SW)

The progressive inflection "-ing" appears to be the earliest verb inflection acquired by children learning English as their first language. Explanations are made on why the progressive is rarely, if ever, overgeneralized to inappropriate forms. (SW)

The Tactile Test of Basic Concepts (TTBC), a tactile analog to the Boehm Test of Basic Concepts (BTBC), was field tested with 75 blind students (kindergarten to grade 2) and the scores compared with those of sighted Ss used in the standardization sample for the BTBC. (Author/IM)

The author discusses the impact of social change upon the schools and the families of students, the shifting of values, and the comparative responsibilities of schools and society as a whole in the education of children. (JD)

In this article the stages of learning how to read are outlined, and successful methods of teaching reading are described. (JD)

Research undertaken in Russia examines how elementary students in experimental and conventional classes assimilate the concept of a problem. The criterion of assimilation is defined as the pupil's application of theoretical knowledge of the problem to the solution of the problem. (Author/RM)