Two instructional design variables directly related to concept learning were investigated. The first variable, management strategy, tested the hypothesis that advising students of their learning need in relationship to acquisition of a task at a given criterion would be more effective than either adaptive control or learner control strategies.…

A research study was initiated to (1) identify and compare the effectiveness of alternative learning strategies upon learner performance, (2) incorporate effective strategies and interactive practice materials within a systematic training program, and (3) empirically validate the performance of strategies-trained and untrained students. To…

THE SPONTANEOUS BEHAVIOR OF A TEACHER AND HOW THIS BEHAVIOR AFFECTS LEARNING IN THE CLASSROOM WERE INVESTIGATED. INDEPENDENT VARIABLES IN THE STUDY WERE DIRECT TEACHER INFLUENCE, AND THE NATURE OF THE SPECIFIC LEARNING TASK. THE DEPENDENT VARIABLES WERE THE ACTUAL MEASURES OF LEARNING, INCLUDING AWARENESS OF FACTS, APPLICATION OF PRINCIPLES TO…

A CATEGORY SYSTEM FOR SYSTEMATIC OBSERVATION OF HIGH SCHOOL BIOLOGY LABORATORY AND LECTURE-DISCUSSION-RECITATION CLASSES WAS DEVELOPED AND USED TO QUANTIFY, ANALYZE, AND DESCRIBE OBSERVED CLASSROOM BEHAVIOR. THE CATEGORY SYSTEM WAS DEVELOPED BY OBSERVING EIGHT HIGH SCHOOL BIOLOGY TEACHERS ONCE EACH MONTH FOR FOUR SUCCESSIVE MONTHS. THE OBSERVER…

LEADERSHIP IN SOCIAL RECONSTRUCTION MUST BEGIN IN THE COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES. THE NEED FOR CHANGES IN STRUCTURE, ORGANIZATION, AND GOALS OF HIGHER EDUCATION IS BASED UPON THREE ASSUMPTIONS--(1) HIGHER EDUCATION IS LARGELY IRRELEVANT UNLESS IT FULFILLS ITS FUNCTION AS AN INSTRUMENT OF CONTINUOUS, CONSTRUCTIVE SOCIAL CRITICISM, (2) HIGHER…

AMONG A NUMBER OF SPECIFIC TECHNIQUES FOR TEACHING THE DISADVANTAGED ARE (1) THE DIALECT GAME, IN WHICH THE CHILD'S SLANG, "HIP" TALK OR MISPRONUNCIATION IS USED AS THE BASIS FOR LEARNING MORE CONVENTIONAL TERMINOLOGY OR FOR CONVEYING MEANINGS TO HIM WHICH HE OTHERWISE WOULD NOT GRASP, (2) THE HELPER PRINCIPLE (6TH-GRADERS CAN BE HELPFUL…

IN CONTRAST TO THE TRADITIONAL EMPHASES ON ROTE LEARNING AND FACT ACCUMULATION, RECENT TRENDS EMERGING FROM EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH STRESS THE DEVELOPMENT OF THINKING PROCESSES SUCH AS THE ABILITY TO REASON ABSTRACTLY AND TO SYNTHESIZE. CHILDREN WORKING INDEPENDENTLY OR IN GROUPS MOVE THROUGH A DISCOVERY LEARNING CURRICULUM IN WHICH THE TEACHER…

THE GREAT CITIES SCHOOL IMPROVEMENT PROJECT AMONG THE CULTURALLY DISADVANTAGED IN PHILADELPHIA ATTEMPTED TO FILL THE FOLLOWING NEEDS--(1)COMMUNICATION SKILLS, (2) EXPERIENCES TO EXTEND AND ENRICH CULTURAL BACKGROUND, (3) PARTICIPATION IN PROGRAMS DESIGNED TO ENCOURAGE POSITIVE INTERGROUP UNDERSTANDINGS, (4) ENCOURAGMENT TO DEVELOP PRIDE IN…

THE FOCUS IS ON PERSONALITY TRAITS OF YOUNG CHILDREN WHO ACHIEVE IN SCHOOL DESPITE ENVIRONMENTAL HANDICAPS. THE SUBJECTS WERE TEN "GOOD" AND TEN "POOR" ACHIEVERS FROM THE FOURTH GRADE IN A SCHOOL LOCATED IN A SEVERELY DEPRESSED URBAN AREA. THE CHILDREN WERE CHOSEN ON THE BASIS OF ACHIEVEMENT SCORES AND TEACHER RECOMMENDATIONS.…

THE TWO INFLUENCES THAT INITIATED EXPERIMENTATION WITH THE NONGRADED SCHOOL WERE THE QUINCY GRAMMAR SCHOOL OF BOSTON IN 1848 AND CONCERN FOR INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES. DISCUSSED IN THIS REPORT WAS THE NONGRADED TYPE OF SCHOOL ORGANIZATION THAT ALLOWED A FLEXIBLE SITUATION AND A PERMISSIVE CLIMATE IN WHICH TEACHERS COULD ADJUST THEIR PROGRAMS IN…

RELATIVELY SUCCESSFUL ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PUPILS FROM LOW INCOME HOUSEHOLDS IN DEPRESSED NEIGHBORHOODS OF THE URBAN NORTH WERE COMPARED WITH RELATIVELY AVERAGE AND FAILING PUPILS FROM IDENTICAL SETTINGS. NO ATTEMPT WAS MADE TO ILLUMINATE THE INTERPLAY OF PSYCHOLOGICAL, FAMILIAL, ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIOLOGICAL, AND ECONOMIC FACTORS IN THE EDUCATION OF…

AN ENDEAVOR TO PULL TOGETHER FINDINGS FROM VARIOUS SOURCES ON THE NATURE OF THINKING, CREATING FROM THESE A HYPOTHESIS ON THE TEACHING OF THINKING AND THEN TESTING TO WHAT EXTENT IT IS VALID IN THE CLASSROOM, IS PRESENTED. A DEFINITION OF METHOD IN EDUCATION IS GIVEN. THE SPECIFIC ASPECT OF METHOD PROBED HERE IS THE EXTENT TO WHICH DIFFERENT…

ELEVEN ENGLISH-SPANISH BILINGUAL COLLEGE STUDENTS PARTICIPATED IN A WORD-ASSOCIATION STUDY. EACH SUBJECT WAS PRESENTED 35 STIMULI IN EACH OF FOUR CONDITIONS--PRINTED ENGLISH WORDS FOR ENGLISH RESPONSES, PICTURES FOR ENGLISH RESPONSES, PRINTED SPANISH WORDS FOR SPANISH RESPONSES, AND PICTURES FOR SPANISH RESPONSES. THE SPANISH-PRINTED WORDS WERE…

IN A SERIES OF THREE STUDIES, THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PACING MODE AND PERFORMANCE BEHAVIOR WAS INVESTIGATED. (REFER TO ACCESSION NUMBERS ED 003 199, ED 003 200, AND ED 003 201 FOR THE DETAILED REPORTS.) THE INVESTIGATION POINTED OUT THAT SELF-PACING CAN BE NONADAPTIVE, AND THAT UNDER SOME CIRCUMSTANCES, INSTRUCTION CAN BE MORE EFFECTIVE WHEN IT…

PROCEDURES WERE DEVELOPED TO MEASURE LONGITUDINAL CHANGES IN ATTITUDES TOWARD FORMAL LEARNING EXPERIENCES INVOLVING VARIOUS INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA. THE ATTITUDES INVESTIGATED WERE--(1) ATTITUDE TOWARD METHODS OF INSTRUCTION EMPLOYED IN THE LEARNING SITUATION, (2) ATTITUDE TOWARD EXPECTATION FULFILLMENT, (3) ATTITUDE TOWARD SUBJECT MATTER CONTENT…