This volume offers an alternative diagnosis of the expectations gap that exists between students and professors. Professors' expectations often go far beyond students' assumptions about the nature of knowledge. It is not what students think but rather how they think that is important in the learning process. How students make meaning mediates how…

Research indicates that the effectiveness of instruction in the elementary classroom is enhanced when it incorporates materials that actively engage students in the generation of scientific explanations. To this end, this document describes an exercise that allows Kindergarten students to explore the basic principles of animal behavior in an…

This study investigates the influences and relationships between self-concept elements and students' activities in a normal school environment and focuses on individual self-construct. Interest has an important effect on an individual's learning process and behavior. There are three common definitions of interest: (1) interest as a characteristic…

Reports research on game playing and the learning associated with it which had three purposes: to contribute knowledge to develop a theory of learning in games; to provide useful information about the effectiveness of games for game designers, teachers, and curriculum specialists; to develop a set of research instruments. (JM)

Author discussed some important changes in educational thinking and educational practice associated with recent events on both sides of the Atlantic-changes that seem to be bringing us closer to "good education". (Author/RK)

School psychologists must abandon their traditional ties to tests. Instead, psychologists must develop consultative and training skills. To communicate more effectively with teachers, psychologists must become more knowledgeable about the learning process. In this way they will be able to recommend particular educational strategies to teachers.…

Intentional and incidental learning was investigated developmentally and comparatively using a paired associate learning task with 90 educable mentally handicapped or normal, elementary or secondary school Ss. (DB)

Argues that how a child and the television set intereact, and its success as instruction, is determined by the design of program content and the degree to which it reflects understanding of the developmental process, discussing two programs which attempt to present solid academic material to young children through television. (Author/JM)

Error in assessing learning aptitude inheres much more in the users of the tests than in the tests themselves. Assumptions fundamental to such assessment are considered. It is particularly important that the tester constantly be sensitive to the nature of the relaionship between the psychological demands of test items or tests and the learning…

Using data collected from three universities, an attempt is made to show that student attitude is an important dimension of learning and that the quality of instruction is associated with attitude. Research procedures are described and research data is presented in tabular form. (SM)

Note taking and verbalization are considered as instrumental student activities which influence the relationship between the learning task and the learning outcomes. Alternative theoretical explanations for the effects of note taking and verbalization are discussed, and a structure for future research on these topics is provided. (Author)

Examines the importance of (1) dimensional characteristics of stimuli present in discrimination transfer tasks, (2) having contrasting stimuli presented simultaneously, and (3) subjects age. Subjects were rural Mexican youths, ages 4 to 10. Reversal and nonreversal type discrimination transfer problems were used in the study. (DP)

The findings of the main experiment and the replication support quite clearly the expectation that the use of rhetorical question-and-answer sequences in a lecture enhances the learning of factual materials in an audience that is not otherwise highly motivated to pay close attention. (Author)

Two experiments were conducted investigating the extent to which transfer of training would take place. (Editor)

This paper presents further data on the Moss-Harlow Effect, together with some new theory, supporting the conclusion that younger subjects prefer novelty more than do older children. (Author)