This paper discusses approaches to grading students that are being used or could be used in state universities in East Africa. Grade assignment usually means that some kind of comparison is being made, whether with other students or established standards or based on improvement and ability. For the most part, university regulations encourage and…

Standard-setting research has yielded a rich array of more than 50 standard-setting procedures, but practitioners are likely to be confused about which to use. By synthesizing the accumulated research on standard setting and progress monitoring, this study developed a three-dimensional taxonomy for conceptualizing and operationalizing the various…

This monograph summarizes the research and provides practical advice on how to structure collaborative writing for students in the higher education classroom. The monograph begins with compelling pedagogical support for collaborative writing projects based on the research that has emerged in cognitive and learning theory over the last 30 years.…

The implementation of a plus/minus system of grading to replace the traditional A through F grading system for graduate students was studied at a midsize Midwestern university. Decimal equivalents were established to enable the computation of grade point averages (GPAs) that reflected the dispersion of grades through the plus/minus system. A…

What do grades mean? Is there a commonly understood and acceptable definition for what a grade stands? The current grading system is approximately 100 years old. In the 1700s, students were given feedback but not grades. In 1780, Yale University began using a 4.0 system that is similar to the current system. In the 1830s, Harvard University…

Failure is built into our grading system as the necessary opposite of success with the additional justification that students need to understand individual differences. A better approach would be to help children build on positive strengths in anticipation of the tests of real life. Career education may provide alternative approaches for teachers.…

The concept of mastery is examined and its application to an Educational Psychology course at the University of Pittsburgh is carefully detailed. (Author)

Excerpts from the report to the New Jersey State Board of Education by the committee of school superintendents, principals, guidance personnel, and State Department of Education staff members. (GB)

Proposes self-directed study and an evaluation and grading system to replace traditional method of grading on the curve. (DS)

Use hardware to save time in grading and marking the sets of drafting students' assignments and to involve the students. (Editor)