The purpose of this study was to find out what difficulties Nicaraguan children encounter in doing addition and subtraction exercises. The results were used in the design of radio lessons in mathematics for elementary school. The performance on addition exercises is analyzed with a view toward identifying the distinct skills that are required by…

An explicit model of the process of quantification which involves the operations of subitizing and counting is described. The general model states that quantification of n items takes place via subitizing when n is less than five and via subitizing and addition (that is, counting) when n is five or larger. The explicit model is stated in the form…

Nonadditive analogues of what is considered to be the essential mathematics of additive measurement are presented. The scope of this paper is defined when measurement theories are reformulated in such a way to assign transformations of numbers to transformations of natural objects. This paper is limited to theories of measurement in which…

Addition practice + math history = an exciting way to drill. (Editor)

A technique for adding and subtracting integers is presented as an alternative to the number line. White and black chips are used to represent positive and negative integers, respectively. (MP)

Adding the number directly, one after another, was compared to adding the numbers by looking for combinations of ten. The Direct method was faster, but the two methods were equally accurate. (JT)

A teacher in a large suburban elementary school in East Tennessee found that her fourth grade students had poor number sense and relied almost solely upon algorithmic procedure to solve math problems. Therefore, mental math was difficult for these students, so the daily number talks method was employed to strengthen number sense. However, no…

A number of models are considered that specify how children and adults solve single-digit addition problems. (Authors)

The author explains how "structured material such as the Colour-Factor Set can show all the properties, patterns and characters of numbers. Given the mastery over numbers with which these materials provide children, he condemns teachers who require children "to learn multiplication tables by rote and the so-called four rules by…