It is theorized that in English, phonology and semantics are involved in speech production, but the two are linked through syntax. This pilot study compared through error analysis the imitation of English sentences as produced by a Spanish-English speaking mother and her two bilingual daughters, ages six and seven, to determine the syntactic…

The field of ESL in recent years has drawn much criticism from bilingual educators. This criticism is related to three areas: the former use of ESL in Americanization programs, the role of ESL in legislation providing for transitional bilingual programs, and the failure of the ESL component in certain bilingual programs, due either to the teacher,…

This paper describes an approach to the teaching of listening comprehension for English as a second language. Its goals include improving the students' understanding of lectures and lecture-like materials and taking into account the knowledge that the student brings with him to the listening situation. The materials used in this approach consist…

The role of language structure in the classroom is discussed, and the limitations of the formal analysis of language is enumerated. It is argued that most language problems derive not from difficulties with language form, but from covert differences in value which are characteristically associated with those forms. Examples are given of conflicts…

This report from the Comptroller General to Congress is designed to assess the effectiveness of the Bilingual Education Program and to suggest ways to improve its administration. The program as originally conceived is described, and funding, participation, and recent legislative developments affecting bilingual education are discussed. It is…

The purpose of this project was to develop new materials for non-English speaking secondary school students of English as a second language that were meaningful and applicable to their immediate needs. The material was developed from audio and video tape recordings made of survival situations encountered by ESL students in an American high school.…

The hypothesis of the research described here was that nine-year-old second language learners would improve their linguistic skills through the method of peer tutoring. Four tutors were selected from a group of fourth grade volunteers. The four tutees were second language learners having difficulties with acquiring sufficient English language…

Language learners want to communicate with others about the sort of things that interest them. Nearly everybody is interested in playing games. Many language games are kept going by communication and break down if communication itself does so. Four types of game are described to illustrate this point: guessing games, certain number games, games…

The arguments for and against the teaching of foreign languages from primary school level onwards are discussed. Young children, if suitably taught, can make good progress with the learning of a foreign language, and whether they are better at language learning than older beginners is to some extent irrelevant. However, there is no convincing…

The study assessed the effects of home-country education on the occupational integration of a sample of 82 male immigrants from Spanish American countries in the District of Columbia. The approach was to conceive of the occupational integration of immigrants as a specific case of status attainment. A model of occupational integration described by…

This paper consists of a critique of a paper by James Cummins which appeared in issue number 1 of the Working Papers on Bilingualism, entitled "A Theoretical Perspective on the Relationship between Bilingualism and Thought." Cummins' paper gives the impression that nearly all of the recent studies exploring the effects of bilingualism…

By studying the job offers in a Belgian newspaper, an attempt is made to determine what the language needs in business are. Offers which explicitly require language skills were collected from a French-language newspaper between November of 1971 and June of 1972, and codified according to the languages mentioned and the combinations thereof, the…

The first part of this paper outlines the factors that appear to influence the language attitudes or language behavior of business directors and managerial staff in Belgium. Age and the economic and political surroundings appear to be the principal factors. The younger individuals are, the more positive are their attitudes about the language…

Reasons for studying the literature of a people may vary. While some value it for its aesthetic qualities only, others view it primarily as a source for providing opportunities for the extension of linguistic skills. An important component often overlooked, however, is that of culture. The type of culture referred to here is of an anthropological…

This paper suggests methods for teaching the Russian verbs that govern what are loosely termed "objects" in oblique cases. The case government of such verbs is not necessarily an individual irregularity. Definite patterns emerge, both morphological and semantic, to facilitate grouping these verbs into classes. Russian verbs requiring genitive…