In the past, the process of education was one of training--the learner was encouraged to follow the ways of priests, parents, professors, and patriarchs. This system works well as long as two conditions exist: if there are few modifications in the society and if people remain in the same place. Increasingly, the opposite conditions are true: few,…

To determine whether individual differences in student achievement and learning rate are reduced or eliminated by mastery instruction, 166 Navy trainees who had completed a computer-managed course in basic electricity and electronics were cluster-analyzed into groups, using 24 measures of cognitive characteristics. Discriminant analyses were…

The five papers in this section of the TESOL volume examine the nature of language learning, characteristics of different language learners, the nature of the supportive environment for language development, and the differences which exist between first and second language patterns of interaction. The following articles are included: (1)…

There are close relationships between brain activities and educational technology. Brain is very important and so complicated part in our bodies. From long time scientists pay attention to that part and did many experiments, but they just reached little information like a drop in the sea. However from time to time they gave us some light to…

Noting that there are a number of methods exist for dealing with people who have trouble communicating readily or well, this workshop document reviews developments in the field of communication apprehension (CA) in recent years and points out resources that provide specific details for those interested in providing instructional answers to CA at…

While teachers are becoming increasingly aware of different learning styles, they have generally rejected the practical use of learning styles in the classroom. This bulletin summarizes theories and findings on learning styles, demonstrates their use in exceptional and regular classrooms, and offers recommendations for those who want to use the…

Intended for students with learning problems, this booklet is designed to help the student deal with his/her learning disability. Presented in simple language and cartoon-like illustrations, this publication addresses the causes of and misconceptions about learning problems, how it feels to have a learning disability, what can be done, and where…

The focus of this seminar was on how teachers learn to teach learners with diverse backgrounds and learning styles and what they need to know to be effective instructors. The following papers were presented: (1) "What Teachers Need to Know about Learning" (Robert E. Floden); (2) "Teaching Children: What Teachers Should Know"…

Information is provided regarding major learning styles and other factors important to student learning. Several typically asked questions are presented regarding different learning styles (visual, auditory, tactile and kinesthetic, and multisensory learning), associated considerations, determining individuals' learning styles, and appropriate…

A component analytic method for analyzing multivariate longitudinal data is presented that does not make strong assumptions about the structure of the data. Central to the method are the facts that components are derived as linear composites of the observed or manifest variables and that the components must provide an adequate representation of…

In a study designed to further define individual differences in reading comprehension, 200 students enrolled in developmental reading courses at a large urban university participated in an experiment that investigated the relationship between personality type and reading comprehension. The students took a reading comprehension test consisting of…

Discussion reflects on the notions of the constructionist viewpoint in development, of integration, and of individual uniqueness, by drawing on studies of mother-infant interaction, the development of 24-hour infant state organization and regulation, and life span development. The logic of construction by which an individual shapes his or her…

Human capacity for language acquisition is not strictly compartmentalized, with one acquisitional mechanism for the native language and others totally unrelated to it; rather, it consists of a unified mechanism flexible enough to handle various differences in external settings. This learning system operates on the formal properties of the…

A distinction is made today between second-language acquisition and foreign-language learning based on the individual's internal processes of learning and the degree of consciousness brought to the learning task. In a second-language acquisition situation, the language is spoken in the immediate environment of the learner, who has good…

Psychologists and educators interested in factors that might influence mathematical ability have examined intelligence, motivation, and attitudes toward mathematics. More recently, sex role and cognitive style have entered the picture. The relationships among intelligence, field dependence, sex role, mathematics background, and mathematical…