Although grit has been an important individual factor contributing to learning, studies are limited regarding second/foreign language (L2) specific grit. Additionally, most approached it without disentangling the differential role of its two dimensions, and the context was restricted in traditional face-to-face language learning. It remains…

This study advances an e-learning adoption model by exploring the link between Performance Expectancy (PE) and Behavioural Intention (BI) to adopt e-learning among undergraduate students in Kenya's public universities. Using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), data were collected from a sample of 388 respondents through…

This study examined the ecological challenges teachers faced in integrating Informal Digital Learning of English (IDLE) among 159 in-service Hong Kong EFL teachers from 2019 to 2024. Analysis of 470 entries revealed that 50% of the challenges stem from "exo-system factors" (e.g., heavy workloads), 23% were from "macro-system…

Digital competence is increasingly being recognised as a crucial factor in transforming education in the technological era. Various studies have been conducted to identify and develop digital competence improvement programs for teachers. However, there has been a lack of comprehensive synthesis regarding their impact, particularly for special…

In our qualitative research study, we sought to determine whether completing a set of online modules called Classroom Flow could shift pre-service teachers' (PSTs') perceptions, language, and practice towards developing classroom cultures that are more student-centered. The online modules encouraged PSTs to familiarize themselves with the various…

This study examines at how e-learning readiness and the Community of Inquiry framework affect higher education students' preferences for various teaching delivery modes. In the study, Latent Class Analysis was used to profile the participants based on autonomous learning attributes, which is the pedagogical sub-dimension of e-learning readiness.…

Purpose: This study seeks to conduct a quantitative assessment of literature associated with "Open, Distance and Online Learning". Given the increasing constraints in recent years, students are forced to continue their education in Open, Distance and Online mode. Consequently, a thorough bibliometric review of sources available for Open,…

Background: Online learning is becoming increasingly popular among learners. To enhance the effectiveness of online learning, researchers have embedded an affective pedagogical agent (PA) on the computer screen to help regulate learners' emotions and support their learning. However, previous research has paid little attention to the effects of…

Background: Online video-based learning often leads to fatigue, which detracts from engagement and learning outcomes. Previous studies have examined monitoring mental states like attention through electroencephalography (EEG) headsets, but limitations such as high costs, discomfort, and limited scalability persist. Objectives: This study evaluates…

Virtual Reality has proven to be highly promising within the field of learning. Most VR learning methods do not effectively implement pedagogical models or adapt to the individual's learning style. This research aims to bridge this gap by integrating Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs), Flow Theory and Gamification within an educational Virtual Reality…

The scalability and accessibility of quality professional development (PD) is an ongoing concern in the teacher education community, yet little research has been conducted on potential solutions. We aimed to address this gap by developing an interactive, virtual PD program that uses intelligent tutoring systems and provides instant feedback to…

The Online Self-Regulated Learning Questionnaire (OSLQ) is a widely used self-report instrument for assessing student self-regulated learning (SRL). Despite its prevalence, the dimensionality of the OSLQ is often unclear across different populations, and its item-level characteristics remain underexplored. This study investigates the psychometric…

This conceptual study explores and proposes strategies for enhancing security and academic integrity within the Open and Distance e-learning (ODeL) context, adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocols. As higher education continues to evolve, the reliance on online assessments has become more…

The scalability and accessibility of quality professional development (PD) is an ongoing concern in the teacher education community, yet little research has been conducted on potential solutions. We aimed to address this gap by developing an interactive, virtual PD program that uses intelligent tutoring systems and provides instant feedback to…

This study examined instructional strategies and assessment methods used in online undergraduate and graduate courses, with a focus on student-reported preferences and perceptions of effectiveness. The research aimed to identify commonly used instructional approaches, explore how students experience and evaluate these methods, and determine which…