Designed to serve both as a textbook and as a reference source for instructional developers who wish to keep up with developments in the field, this book presents a broad view of the field of instructional development (ID) together with in-depth descriptions of important new topics and the latest developments in the old ones. The 48 chapters,…

This chapter presents and analyzes current developments in the evolution of the instructional development model. First, basic definitions of general systems and instructional development model terms are provided, and the differing uses of the terms instructional development, instructional technology, and educational technology are considered. The…

This chapter presents a review of the latest research on advance organizers, and provides instructions for constructing and using them. The theoretical background of the advance organizers research is presented, beginning with the work of Ausubel, and this work is related to the writings of Piaget. An outline of advance organizer research is then…

The recent conservative trend in educational policy is addressed in this paper which begins with a description of 10 specific types of threats to the instructional development movement that can evolve from an excessively conservative environment. These threats are named as follows: (1) scapegoat; (2) baby-with-the-bathwater; (3) chronological…

A school system's testing program can be used as a tool in curriculum development and instructional improvement if the tests match the goals and objectives of the instructional program and what is taught in the classroom. Test-taking skills should be taught so that the test will accurately reflect certain knowledge. Test results should be an…

Presented here are five detailed case studies of principals (four elementary level and one junior high level) undertaken to verify and modify a theoretical model of how instructional management occurs in schools. The five principals were selected from a larger group of California Bay Area principals identified by central office personnel as…

A study examining the relationship between the importance of instructional goals and instructor use of instructional strategies based on the five stages of group development (orientation, norm development, conflict, productivity, and termination) is reported. Instructional design is concerned with prescribing methods of instruction based on…

The purpose of this study was to determine teachers' perceptions of the effects of implementation of the philosophy, curriculum structure, instructional development system, assessment and monitoring procedures, instructional organization, and staff development process of Outcomes-Based Education (OBE) and to determine if teachers' perceptions of…

This proposed model conceived by the Atlanta Public Schools' Professional Leadership Program is concerned with bringing about change in the area of instruction and curriculum. The development of this leadership pilot program creates a climate for curriculum revision that facilitates individualization and vitalization of instruction as well as…

Instructional supervisors identified two problems in their field: (1) finding time to gather the many resources available these days; and (2) providing appropriate and useful supervision to teachers who span a spectrum of needs, experiences, and circumstances. To address these concerns, the 1985-86 Curriculum and Instruction Committee set out to…

This paper presents the ARCS model, which is a research-based systematic design model that interfaces with typical instructional design and development models to improve the motivational appeal of instructional materials, of instructor behavior, and of the way in which lessons (or modules) and courses are designed. The description of the model,…

Studies were conducted locally to augment findings from the literature regarding the effect of school entrance age, and to examine several other issues related to the St. Louis Public School's kindergarten screening program. Studies reported address a number of questions related to program planning and policy development: (1) Is there evidence to…

This literature review discusses the nature of instructional development (ID) and the ID movement, and examines the factors affecting the success of ID in higher education, focusing in particular on the organization and implementation of ID programs. The role of ID agencies is discussed and the various characteristics of such agencies are…

The effects of a school district's testing and evaluation activities cannot be effectively assessed without an understanding of the explicit and implicit goals embedded in the policies and practices of the district. A structured workshop process to elicit a district's intentions related to the effects--uses and impacts--of testing and evaluation…

Transfer of instructional technology is the last step in the knowledge cycle, preceded by invention, technical and commercial development, and dissemination. Technology includes both equipment and the practical knowledge needed for application. Industrialized nations package technology; however, little practical knowledge is transferred with…