Examines the effects of two variables on persons' degree of attitude-behavioral intention congruency: (1) their perceptions of the attitude object's prototypicality; and (2) their level of attitudinal confidence. Results indicate that attitude-behavioral intention congruency was limited to participants with high attitudinal confidence. (RS)

Six studies, with 174 three-year-olds in California, investigated whether children's knowledge of a label for an object excluded the possibility that they would accept another label for the object. Results indicate that mutual exclusivity motivates children to learn terms for attributes, substances, parts, and objects. (TJH)

The author discusses three aspects of the theory of knowledge: propositional knowledge, practical knowledge, and experiential knowledge. He also discusses problems of research in the field. (JOW)

Discusses the enigma of what and how people know apparently trivial information. Presents an experiment, expected answers, and actual responses to grammar questions to determine the degree of common knowledge in professional trivia. Concludes that further research may bring a clearer understanding of the "tradition" of language teaching…

Important and recent developments in cognitive science in the areas of performance components, knowledge structures, metacomponents, and metacognition are reviewed, and a set of guidelines for educators involved in implementation or evaluation of cognitively based instructional programs are offered. (Author/DB)

Argues that, as feminist scholars continue to question the roots of prejudice against women, they are simultaneously developing a philosophical self-critique. Discusses broadly the feminist response to European intellectual history, focusing specifically on the nature/culture question, individual vs. collective identity, and the usefulness of…

Reports four experiments focusing on Piaget's claims that conservation and transitivity concepts are experienced as logically necessary truths. Two experiments examined feelings of certainty and necessity in college students presented with Piagetian tasks. Two other experiments extended these procedures to children and the issue of developmental…

This article provides an overview of how people learn and strategies that can be taught to individuals to improve their levels of academic achievement. Several examples from recent case studies illustrate cognitive controls and profiles as well as the procedures and materials employed in augmentation and transfer training. (MT)

A model of mental representations is developed and shown to provide a framework for interpreting research. The content of awareness is characterized as a model of the world capable of simulating future events, anticipating present events, and thereby formulating appropriate actions. Properties of awareness and of underlying processes are…

Teachers of 9 and 10 year olds were found to use varied versions of lessons that increase conceptual understanding. Their effectiveness in supporting conceptual understanding was compared experimentally. Findings and implications for science teaching are discussed. (Author/DKM)

Examines how common beliefs about decline in adult intellect over time are shaped by culture. Presents alternative ways of understanding intellectual development: as specialization, as continuing change in intellectual complexities, and as the process of gaining expertise. (SK)

The prevailing model of school knowledge is bounded, verifiable, controllable, and external to the knower, reinforced by textbooks, curriculum guides, and standardized tests. A better vision of schools is one in which multiple and diverse voices are heard, and knowing as a process is valued over knowledge as a product. (JOW)

Examines the mathematical proof schemes of students starting their studies at the University of Cordoba and relates these schemes to the meanings of mathematical proof in different institutional contexts. Concludes that deductive mathematical proof is difficult for these students. Suggests that the different institutional meanings of proof might…

Investigated relation between eating disorder and disturbances in object relations and cognitive structure in undergraduate female college students (n=183). Results indicated that eating disorder was predicted by measures of object relations disturbance and cognitive structure. (Author/ABL)

This introduction presents a framework for discussing hypertext, previews individual articles, and discusses some relations of hypertext to library science. Historical notes are also provided, as well as biographical information on the authors of individual articles in this special section. (16 references) (CLB)