This paper contains the comments of a discussant reviewing the paper, "The Role of Visual Representations in the Learning of Mathematics" (Abraham Arcavi). A research-based evaluation is made that focuses on the ideas of stochastics and the epistemological triangle. (Contains 28 references.) (DDR)

This study, an approach to controlling "acting out" behaviors of handicapped children in elementary schools, compares the effectiveness of an operant strategy and a cognitive strategy in modifying the behavior of a seven-year-old hyperactive boy. (Author/PN)

Explores the extent to which student questions are indicative of understanding as well as strategies for encouraging questioning. Student questions are categorized as consolidation questions, exploratory questions, and elaboration questions. (DDR)

Conducted a meta-analytic review of 41 studies to explore the relation between children's aggressive behavior and hostile attribution of intent to peers. Found a significant association between hostile attribution of intent and aggressive behavior, with larger effects associated with more severe aggressive behavior, rejection by peers as a…

Presents a study on how doctors (n=14) select and assess information in practice. The data produced from open-ended interviews was interpreted though a conceptual framework derived from Ludwick Fleck. Concludes that doctors lack adequate resources to assess knowledge. (Contains 52 references.) (DDR)

The relationship between higher order reasoning and sex bias was investigated among children 7, 9 and 11 years old. Children read arguments enhancing their own or other gender, then rated argument intelligence, judged other children based on observations, and justified their arguments. Findings showed that own-gender reasoning biases declined with…

Studies six summer interns in an engineering development center. Shows that for the interns and their more experienced colleagues, learning did not precede activity but rather was the means by which they remained attuned to activity and able to function. Finds cognition was distributed not only among people but also among people and their tools;…

Investigates how situational knowledge differs across individuals of different competence levels. Analyzes participants' descriptions of physics problem situations. Discusses the relationship between competence and the structure of problem situations, differences between experts and novices, and implications for teaching. (Author/KHR)

Presents conceptual model of group decision-making process that identifies essential factors and processes that impact upon group decisions. Integrates concepts from various academic disciplines to provide theoretical framework for research generation and to organize and synthesize past and future research findings in effort to establish…

Explores how some of the work in the history and philosophy of science might develop a more adequate understanding of students' untutored ideas. Describes how students' views can be interpreted. Explains and discusses the merits of commonsense-scientific theory analogy. (YP)

Argues that behavioral approaches in education are best placed within a rational or justificatory framework, rather than within a strictly scientific account of human activity. Draws the distinction between the two frameworks, and outlines major criticisms leveled at behaviorism in education. Discusses aspects of behaviorism in education from the…

This article explored the way people and connectionist models could apply knowledge of the structure of one domain to another. The process of the Simple Recurrent Network in modelling these data illustrates how abstract knowledge of artificial grammars can be understood in terms of statistical structure. (nine references) (CK)

Describes two studies that analyzed the impact of problem type on the understanding of commutativity of multiplication of (n=20) children ages 8-10. The concept seemed poorly understood, but the children did significantly better in the context of rotation than of rearrangement of elements. (Author/MKR)

Data from (n=4) students in grades three through six showed a consistent parallel between the types of units constructed in a geometric setting with those in a numeric context. Students who constructed abstract composite units in tiling the plane also did so in adding and subtracting whole numbers. (Author/MKR)

An account of the phenomena that transformational syntax handled by means of "raising" is formulated in the context of cognitive grammar. Raising is analyzed as a special case of the metonymy that relational expressions exhibit in regard to their choice of overtly coded arguments. The transparency of these constructions is explained. (83…