Discusses the relationships between feminist scholarship, science, feminist epistemology, and developments in the philosophy of science. Argues that gender bias exists at the philosophical foundations of knowledge and inquiry. Challenges the ideology, dominant in graduate schools, that empirical science is the only acceptable stance toward the…

The study examines the writing of college freshmen on expository, argumentative, and speculative tasks by means of the Crediton cognitive model in order to describe how and why they evoke the range of responses they do, and why particular cognitive strategies are drawn on. Conclusions are presented and discussed. (Author/CT)

Research suggests teacher behavior is a by-product of information processing strategies, which enable teachers to read the classroom environment. This paper suggests that preservice teachers can learn through cognitive discrimination training to approach the classroom as an experienced teacher would. (MT)

Comments on the preceding discussion of locus of control in Japanese and American cultures (Weisz et al.). Discusses yielding, as one of many coping styles, to demonstrate the heterogeneity of secondary control. Asserts that dichotomizing secondary and primary control, rather than seeking differentiation within a single category, itself reflects a…

Two groups of nursery school children were administered the Preschool Interpersonal Problem Solving Test. The father absent group scored significantly lower, indicating a deficit in the type of thinking believed central to the child's adjustment to other people. Adds to studies citing possible negative effects of father absence in preschool years.…

Language appears at multiple levels of representation in memory. In most cases, languages have a particular system of sounds (phonology), meaning (semantics), form (orthography), and common usage (pragmatics). For a bilingual speaker, these appear for two different sets of concepts. Sometimes, these concepts overlap, as is the case for…

This book is an exploration of the changing definitions of knowledge competence held to be valuable in universities. The central argument is that one ideology, that of academic competence, is being displaced with another ideology, that of operational competence. The book begins by considering the relationships among higher education, knowledge,…

As biological and socio-cultural beings, humans are encouraged and aspire to "see" not only what comes "within sight," but also what is not possible to see. Visualization is described as offering a method of seeing the unseen. These ideas are organized into sections that focus on seeing the unseen in data, seeing the unseen in…

This paper gives a brief introduction to a discipline called the cognitive science of mathematics. The theoretical background of the arguments is based on embodied cognition and findings in cognitive linguistics. It discusses Mathematical Idea Analysis, a set of techniques for studying implicit structures in mathematics. Particular attention is…

This paper focuses on some cognitive and didactical phenomena that feature processes and products of pupils in grades 7-12 who learned mathematical proof within technological environments. The main issues in the analysis of students' performances consist of metaphors, deictics, mental times, narratives, functions of dragging, abductions, and…

School boards and communities commonly face a challenge when choosing superintendents: should they select somebody from inside the community or from outside? The tacit knowledge (knowledge gained by experience) each superintendent brings to his or her district is unique and influences the beliefs of school boards in unique ways. This study…

Transfer of training in the construction and use of knowledge maps to text comprehension was investigated. Knowledge maps (k-maps) are spatial/verbal arrays that represent information in the form of node-link diagrams. K-maps make the macrostructure of a body of information more easily available to the learner. Because k-maps emphasize…

Individual differences and the role of advance organizers in reading comprehension were examined. Subjects read short passages sometimes preceded by a given type of advance organizer. Good readers showed greater recall of detail given either type of advance organizer; poor readers displayed enhanced recall of detail only for a particular type of…

Describes a study in which secondary students (N=32) were interviewed to determine their understanding of the nature of scientific knowledge. Presents some of the strengths and weaknesses of these views and provides cross-cultural comparisons. (DDR)

Encourages career counselors to contemplate basic interests as highly pertinent constructs. Relates some current basic interest research to practical application. Focuses on the position of basic interests in vocational classification, factor analytic studies of basic interests, and the structure of basic interests. Provides insights on gender…