Salary data for 670 local building trades unions indicates that the salaries of local union business agents are related to the members' salaries and to the business agents' bargaining performance. Findings are related to other public and private organizations. (MF)

The validity of a procedure for identifying students at risk of failure on the basis of first term examination results was checked by following up 188 students at risk, from a total of 1902 in Aberdeen University Arts Faculty in session 1974-75. (Editor)

Performance measurement can serve both formative and summative evaluation functions. Formative evaluation is typically more useful for government purposes whereas performance measurement is more useful than one-shot evaluations of either formative or summative nature. Evaluators should study performance measurement through case studies and…

Determines the extent to which aptitude alone contributes to academic performance with specific reference to performance in the introductory level physics practical. Establishes which specific aspects of aptitude are the most salient predictors of success in the physics practical. Attempts to establish whether familiarity with the language of…

Twelve- and 18-month-olds played with 2 adults and 2 new toys. For a third toy, one adult left the room while the child and other adult played with it. This adult returned, looked at the 3 toys, expressed excitement, and asked "Can you give it to me?" Infants at both ages were able to do so, suggesting that 1-year-olds understand other persons as…

Examined whether age-related working memory deficits in learning disabled (LD) readers across four age groups (7, 10, 13, and 20) reflected retrieval efficiency or storage capacity problems. Found that LD readers' working memory performance was inferior to skilled readers' on verbal and visual-spatial working memory tasks across all ages.…

Five experiments demonstrated that 6.5-month-olds perseverated in a violation-of-expectation task to examine reasoning about width information in containment events. After watching a familiarization event in which a ball was lowered into a wide container, infants failed to detect the violation when the same ball was lowered into a container half…

A visual oddball paradigm was used to investigate whether children with high functioning autism had difficulty detecting mutual gaze under experimental conditions. Findings revealed that children with autism were no better at detecting direct gaze than at detecting averted gaze, unlike normal children. Findings suggest that the lack of ability to…

The reading and mathematics achievement and specific mathematics competencies of 74 children were followed during second and third grades. Although children with moderate mathematics deficiencies (MMD-only) and children with moderate mathematics and reading difficulties started out at the same level in mathematics, the MMD-only group surpassed the…

This study evaluated the intent attributions and feelings of emotional distress of relationally and physically aggressive children in response to instrumental and relational provocation contexts. Findings indicated that physically aggressive children exhibited hostile attributional biases and reported relatively greater distress for instrumental…

Investigated developmental trends associated with the Deese/Roediger-McDermott false-memory effect, the role of distinctive information, and subjective experience of true/false memories. Found that 5-year-olds recalled more false memories than adults but no age differences in recognition of critical lures. Distinctive information reduced false…

Tested the prediction that performance goals only entail poor achievement outcomes in individuals with a low self-concept of ability. In 3 experiments (n=55 university students; n=51 university students; n=33 university students) participants with performance goals showed impaired performance only when their self-perceived ability was low. (SLD)

Tested the hypothesis that the worst performance rule (worst performance predicts "g" better than best performance) would hold for younger and lower-IQ children, but perhaps not for older and higher-IQ children. Data from 81 non-gifted and 85 gifted students in grades 2 through 4 show that only younger non-gifted children showed evidence of the…

The visual imagery ability of 40 adolescents with mental retardation due to organic reasons (n=20) and sociocultural reasons (n=20) was compared with the ability of 36 nondisabled children. Results found that adolescents with mental retardation had poorer visual imagery than nondisabled children with the same mental age. (CR)

Older adults (n=27) concerned about declining cognitive functioning performed cognitive tasks, completed questionnaires, and were given measures of anxiety and physiological change. Negative correlations appeared between level of cortisol, a stress-related hormone, and self-efficacy on measures of fluid intelligence. Epstein-Barr virus levels were…