Until the 1960s the rule of science was a characteristic of modernity in academic life. Since then, a postmodern trend has been running counter to a faith in a universal and objective scientific methodology. Postmodernists have taught us that there are no single truths, that there are many valuable perspectives, and that the line between the…

The complexity of educational leadership belies simple models and must be examined holistically and historically. Leadership has a setting, a historical framework, a wholeness of meaning, and a diversity of influences. Effective leaders must both articulate the values of society and go beyond them. Most agree leadership: (1) is situational and…

For student success in reading achievement, recognition needs must be met--each person desires to be recognized for things well done and for improvement over previous performances. This paper discusses how this can be done in the teaching of reading. The paper first enumerates and reports on selected past methods of reading instruction: initial…

This paper lists 86 specific teaching methods for outdoor educators in the areas of content, technique, and group management. The methods were gleaned from a 30-day river instructor course conducted by the National Outdoor Leadership School. Relevant content is the heart of learning. Careful selection and coverage of topics during a course will…

This study is a retrospective examination of elements that influenced one elementary school staff to initiate and implement a school-wide innovation in their reading program in 1990-91. This school served 315 preschool children through grade three in a small town set in the rural countryside. Case study methodology was used to discover how the…

Questions are raised about health promotion, particularly with reference to the role of individual and communal responsibility in encouraging a health-enhancing environment. Implications for holistic health care are discussed and the importance of health education for the holistic approach is stressed. (PP)

Cognition, as a key semantic descriptor, is examined to discover how its use reveals Western attitudes toward knowledge acquisition and toward art as a subject area. (Author/CS)

Role playing has as advantages that it involves the whole individual, brings language alive, permits expression beyond simple reproduction of language, takes the focus off the teacher, and creates spontaneity. Possible difficulties stem from teacher unwillingness, inappropriate uses, different degrees of student involvement, and technical…

This article explains how a school nurse might assess and ameliorate a family's overall health problems using tools that facilitate a holistic approach. Use of the Roy Adaptation Model and the Family Assessment and Intervention Identifier in this context is discussed. (Author/PP)

This review compares and contrasts eight instructional models presenting holistic conceptions of student learning in classroom settings. Major constructs posited by different theorists are cross-tabulated and related to factors of the model of educational productivity. (Author/PN)

Proposes confluent education as an effective method for educating the whole student in special education. Describes the process involving changes to the present curriculum, with the most significant variable being the teacher created atmosphere. Concludes that confluent education requires an atmosphere of trust and self-exploration. (JAC)

To integrate psychological factors with traditional training programs, the athletic coach needs to develop special skills. The coach must develop appropriate strategies for coping with athletes' anxiety, fear, or lack of self-confidence by integrating practice and game behaviors and by individualizing coaching practices. (JN)

The study of controversies about the legitimacy and historical groundedness of assertions about African civilization is used to support an Afrocological teaching approach to African civilization, exploring the content of the American college curriculum. There is a historically factual basis for a holistic pedagogical approach to African…

Two beginning teachers were observed in an integrated instruction planning task. Their interpretations were studied when they worked collaboratively and when they worked independently. Data from interviews and field notes indicated that their individual planning lacked decision-choice flexibility and had limited strategy use. When they…

Investors in People, a British Department of Employment initiative administered through local Training and Enterprise Councils, aims to improve the nation's economy by enhancing staff involvement and development. The initiative offers a strategy for improving workforce quality, empowering staff, improving morale, and enhancing teamwork. A major…