We extended past observational learning research by incorporating stimuli already known to participants into training. We used a multiple-baseline design across three participants to determine the effects of discrimination training on the discrimination of consequences applied to modeled responses using both known and unknown pictures. During…

The Himalayan country of Bhutan has witnessed monumental social and cultural changes in only the last fifty years with the implementation and institutionalization of mass secular schooling. This "modern" schooling has also served to newly sort, produce, and construct "disabled" persons. Through a year of ethnographic fieldwork,…

Human cognition and behavior are dominated by symbol use. This paper examines the social learning strategies that give rise to symbolic communication. Experiment 1 contrasts an individual-level account, based on observational learning and cognitive bias, with an inter-individual account, based on social coordinative learning. Participants played a…

The American professoriate is shifting its majority makeup from tenure track to non-tenure track faculty members. Less known, though, is what the implications of this shift are for students' course experiences. We sought to examine the extent to which the teaching practices, with regard to academic rigor and cognitively responsive teaching, differ…

The pervasiveness of mobile devices in families' homes has dramatically changed the physical and temporal arrangement of co-viewing media content; the representative image of American families seated around a TV set is an anachronism. But understanding and describing contemporary co-participation arrangements around digital media is challenging…

Outdoor, and in particular, nature-based pedagogies are distinctive in that the environments where practice is situated, afford opportunities for pedagogues to encourage children to foreground meaning making through engagement with nature's sensory and kinesthetic cues. Observational methods, however, have rarely used approaches sympathetic to the…

In astronomy, methods such as direct imaging or interferometry-based techniques (Michelson stellar interferometry for example) are used for observations. A particular advantage of interferometry is that it permits greater spatial resolution compared to direct imaging with a single telescope, which is limited by diffraction owing to the aperture of…

The purpose of this phenomenological study is to investigate the experiences of a group of high school administrators in assessing teacher dispositions that are reflected in post observation conferences. It is argued that through a better understanding of the techniques used by these administrators and the way the Danielson Framework for Teaching…

This quantitative study was conducted to describe and compare the perceptions of Missouri secondary principals and teachers regarding the duration of classroom observations and evaluative feedback. The study explored the effects of variation in classroom observation durations from the perspective of both principals and teachers. A survey…

We develop an end-to-end neural network-based computer vision system to automatically identify "where" each person within a 2-D image of a school classroom is looking ("gaze following"), as well as "who" she/he is looking at. Automatic gaze following could help facilitate data-mining of large datasets of…

Research Findings: We evaluated the score stability of the Mathematical Quality of Instruction (MQI), an observational measure of mathematics instruction. Three raters each scored, independently, 100 video-recorded lessons taught by 20 kindergarten teachers in the spring. Using generalizability theory analyses, we decomposed the MQI's score…

This study examined and compared teachers' perceived affordances of 360 video as a representation of practice and their professional noticing of students' mathematics in 360 videos. Data were collected from both preservice and inservice teachers (n = 34) enrolled in one of three mathematics pedagogy courses. Data included participant responses…

In this study, we examined the relationship of special education teachers' performance on the Recognizing Effective Special Education Teachers (RESET) Explicit Instruction observation protocol with student growth on academic measures. Special education teachers provided video-recorded observations of three instructional lessons along with data…

In this study, it is aimed to determine the opinions of teachers working with students with multiple disabilities about the way in which they determine and use reinforcements during literacy education. The research was designed based on the qualitative research design, and the data was collected from 5 male and 15 female teachers using the…

This study examines how gifted primary school students define observation, whether they know the purposes of observation and how they manage to perform it. A qualitative study was designed to thoroughly examine the observation process of 16 gifted students and determine the factors affecting the process. The focus group meetings were analyzed with…