Beyond acknowledging for spatial--more specifically map--literacy to the intellectual development of lifelong learners, teachers need to know how they might teach these tools. This article describes a collaboration to help teachers integrate spatial literacy in the school. The author suggests excellent web resources that supported an integrated…

This textbook is a course in elementary surveying. It has been the intention of the author to begin with the very elements of the subject, and to combine those elements in the simplest manner, so as to render the higher branches of plane-surveying comparatively easy. All the instruments needed for plotting have been carefully described; and the…

The approach to topographic map production has been highly organized and systematic with respect to scale, projection, grid, etc., so that the user can expect a high degree of locational accuracy. Less attention has been given by cartographers to symbolic information yielded by the map. Symbolization (information reduction) is required at all…

Describes the hardware and some of the choropleth mapping software available for the IBM-PC, PC compatible and Apple II microcomputers. Reviewed are: Micromap II, Documap, Desktop Information Display System (DIDS) , Multimap, Execuvision, Iris Gis, Mapmaker, PC Map, Statmap, and Atlas Map. Vendors' addresses are provided. (JDH)

Describes a game, designed for use with primary grade level children, which uses a raised plastic relief map of North America to demonstrate the effect of a rising sea level in order to help the students focus on the variety and location of elevation changes in Canada and the northern United States. (JDH)

Map projections take on new meaning with location systems needed for satellites, other planets and space. A classroom approach deals first with the relationship between the earth and the globe, then with transformations to flat maps. Problems of preserving geometric qualities: distance, angles, directions are dealt with in some detail as are…

Describes ways of teaching the initial steps of mapping on 1:10,000 scale base maps. Provides sample and exercises and discusses student pitfalls and solutions. (KC)

Provides an introduction to geographic information systems (GIS); reviews the use of GIS in libraries; and presents some challenges, strengths, and opportunities for libraries and GIS. Discusses requirements and functions of a GIS and presents examples. Six figures illustrate the discussion. (JKP)

The purpose of this research is to identify and analyze the mapping strategies of individuals by videotaping participants during a cognitive mapping test and by conducting follow-up interviews. Analyzing map-drawing processes using videotapes provided more information than did the analysis of finished paper maps. For example, even though finished…

Children's cognitive skills change substantially from the time they enter school at about the age of five to when they graduate from high school a dozen years later. Some changes can be attributed to the school curriculum, but others are part of children's developmental evolution as they mature and interact with the world. Rather than reviewing…

In an attempt to hone the role of learners as designers, this study investigates the effectiveness of an instructional software application resulting from a design process founded on the tenets of participatory design, informant design, and contextual inquiry, as well as a set of established design heuristics. Collaboration occurred among learning…

The topic of discourse in general is examined and examples of how scientific inquiry in the field of geography is affected by discourse are provided. To develop a more complete understanding of research, the author states that it is often useful to step back and ask why researchers choose to conduct research as they do, and why they so often ride…

This paper includes four components: (1) short theoretical presentation of campus environmental assessment/design; (2) presentation of two large mapping procedures and their implications for campus community consultation; (3) integration of assessment data with consultation for environmental design purposes; and (4) discussion of paraprofessional…

The broad use of maps by non-cartographers imposes on the cartographer the burden to make maps not only accurate, but to use symbols which make map-reading easier for the public. The latter requirement implies a need for universal symbols. Although there are no universal symbols today (letters, words, and figures, to a lesser extent, are dependent…

Details the characteristics, uses, requirements, and workings of automated geographic information systems which maintain, analyze, and display computer-compatible maps. The future of such systems is also discussed. (FM)