Noting that China has undergone tremendous social change in its three decades under the Marxist-Leninist-Maoist ideology, this paper contends that such change has triggered tension that upsets the equilibrium of the entire social system. The paper uses Talcott Parson's cybernetic communication model to explain the societal level changes that have…

CYBERNETICS IN EDUCATION IMPLIES COMPLETE CONTROL OF THE INSTRUCTIONAL PROCESS, WHOSE GOALS ARE SPECIFIED BY COMMUNIST POLICY. MODELS FOR INSTRUCTIONAL PROCESSES, INCLUDING BOTH LOGICAL ALGORITHMS, AND NON-ALGORITHMIC OR PROBABILITY PROBLEMS, MUST BE TESTED EXPERIMENTALLY SO SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES CAN BE STATED. THE INSTRUCTIONAL PROCESS ITSELF MUST…

Intended to help human communications in the wide area which is being opened up by computers and by the new thinking they have generated, this encyclopaedia has been compiled with the help of specialists who are physicists, mathematicians, computer scientists, systems consultants, economists, psychologists, physiologists, documentalists, and…

The basic structure and concepts of a system for training program staff in self-evaluation are described. This training system aims to be competency-based and largely self-instructive. This paper is the first component in the training system and serves as an introduction and description of the rest of the system. (Author)

One procedure that can be used to individualize instruction is to teach different pupils by different methods with the intent of reaching a common goal. A cybernetic (self correcting) procedure is proposed for manipulating instructional displays so that after a period of time the instructional procedure used is optimal for a given individual. This…

Instructions are given for teaching severely physically and/or neurologically handicapped students to use the 14-key Cybertype man-machine communications system, an electric writing machine with a simplified keyboard to enable persons with limited motor ability or coordination to communicate in written form. Explained are the various possible…

The instruction manual contains lessons for teaching severely physically and/or neurologically handicapped students to use the seven-key Cybertype electric writing machine. Unlike the 14-key keyboard, which requires bilateral coordination in arms, legs, or other parts of the body, the seven-key keyboard requires the use of only one part of the…

Teaching instructions, lesson plans, and exercises are provided for severely physically and/or neurologically handicapped persons learning to use the Cybertype electric writing machine with a tongue-body keyboard. The keyboard, which has eight double-throw toggle switches and a three-position state-selector switch, is designed to be used by…

Deciphering the learning mechanism which exists in man remains to be solved. This article examines the learning process with respect to association and cybernetics. It is recommended that research should focus on the transdisciplinary processes of learning which could become the next key concept in the science of man. (Author/MA)

Discusses natural and artificial intelligence and indicates that, although our knowledge of bionics is growing, there is as yet no sufficiently complete model of artificial intelligence. (JR)

Paper puts forward an argument for using a cybernetic approach to programmed instruction in order to make the control of the teaching process more efficient. It argues the need for a micro-approach to program construction which takes into account not only the correctness of response but also the psychological activity of the learner. (Author)

Attempts to provide the teacher with a view of system and organization, and points up crucial aspects of the educational system. (Author)

Claims, despite extensive research on the role of feedback in learning, there is little theoretical understanding of the concept of feedback, because of overly broad definitions which favor certain explanations and lines of research over others. Discusses implications of feedback research for group facilitation and design of experiential learning…

Describes the computer technology called hypertext, especially as it relates to teaching composition. Argues that the ability to redistribute textual control hold both empowerment and danger for hypertext writer/readers, who can be compared to cyborgs. Discusses the implications of hypertext for composition pedagogy. (HB)