Learners face several self-regulatory challenges during multimedia learning: choosing adequate cognitive strategies (cognitive self-regulation), relying on their own learning abilities (motivational self-regulation), and investing sufficient effort (behavioral self-regulation). Implementation intentions (plans that help transform intentions into…

Korea is widely recognized to be among the world's most advanced digital countries with nearly every university student owning the latest smartphone. Yet language education is largely still taught in traditional classroom methods. This study was designed to see how students in two major universities used smartphone apps to informally supplement…

This research was conducted to determine the effects of the using negative knowledge-based Intelligent Teaching System (ITS) evaluator software in the assessment and evaluation processes of English Teaching as a Foreign language. Experimental design with the pretest-posttest control group was used in this study. The study group consists of 67…

With limited time available in the classroom, e-learning tools can supplement in-class learning by providing opportunities for students to study and learn outside of class. Such tools can be especially helpful for students who lack adequate prior preparation. However, one critical issue is ensuring that students, especially those in need of…

In this article, a cognitive framework for observing learning activities based on human-computer coupling is proposed. The observation is based on the vectorization of a learning situation along with human-computer interaction factors. An evolutionary high-dimensional topology of learning cognitive flow is introduced for human-computer…

This qualitative interview study explores the perceptions five USC Shoah Foundation Master Teachers who integrate Holocaust survivor and witness testimony via IWitness, a web resource from the USC Shoah Foundation, on students' development of empathy. Findings of this study suggest that the personalized nature of engaging with testimony in…

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of a collaborative writing programme through the Google Docs writing tool on the production of argumentative discourse within the framework of Modern Greek Language teaching. The participants were 23 pupils in Year 5 who received a six-month period teaching intervention (two hours per week)…

Using virtual reality (VR) in educational settings is becoming increasingly popular. The feasibility of replacing an instrumentation-based organic chemistry lab with a VR experience has been evaluated. A VR laboratory experience was designed to teach students how to use an infrared spectrometer and elucidate an unknown structure from the resulting…

As digital technologies have become ubiquitous thanks to the Internet, new modes of feedback in L2 writing have emerged, yet what remains unclear is how feedback given through alternative modes helps improve writing quality and how new feedback tools fit in the overall context of writing instruction. Therefore, the purpose of this embedded…

We present a system that automatically generates deictic gestures for animated pedagogical agents (APAs). The system takes audio and text as input, which define what the APA has to say, and generates animated gestures based on a set of rules. The automatically generated gestures point to the exact locations of elements on a whiteboard nearby the…

This pilot study examines users' perceptions of Bande à Part, a music application designed for learners of French. The technology acceptance model (TAM) was adopted to investigate users' perceptions of the app's usability and potential for second language (L2) learning. The model's two constructs, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use,…

Collaborative problem solving behaviors are difficult to identify and foster due to their amorphous and dynamic nature. In this paper, we investigate the value of considering early class period behaviors, based on small group development theory, for building predictive machine learning models of collaborative behaviors during problem solving. Over…

Duolingo is a commercial language-teaching platform that offers free courses on the web and on mobile apps. This study reports the ACTFL listening and reading proficiency levels of adult Duolingo learners who had completed beginning-level courses in Spanish or French. The participants (n = 225) were learners residing in the United States, had…

This research focuses on the production and creation of educational materials for Arabic vocabulary learning using Augmented Reality Technology, namely ARabic-Kafa, which can support both teachers and students. The Marker Based Tracking tool is used in this Augmented Reality application. This method was employed because it can read objects and…

As immersive virtual reality (IVR) systems proliferate in classrooms, it is important to understand how they affect learning outcomes and the underlying affective and cognitive processes that may cause these outcomes. Proponents argue that IVR could improve learning by increasing positive affective and cognitive processing, thereby supporting…