The purpose of this research report was to improve the utilization of classroom observation systems in instruction and research by identifying (a) new and unique dimensions of teaching, and (b) the commonalities of several existing observation systems. The design of this study called for the coding of classroom behaviors by individuals highly…

A measure of role-taking skill was administered individually to 12 male and 8 female preschoolers. In addition the children were observed during free play on 30 consecutive school days, and their behaviors were coded according to Parten's social participation categories. Significant negative relationships were found to exist between the…

This paper is a review of the methodological problems recently uncovered in studying the nature of teacher effectiveness and evaluating the performance of individual teachers. Four problems encountered in the literature are range of measurements, inconsistent instrumentation across similar studies, lack of a generic framework from which to select…

This training guide has been developed for use by staff members of the U.S. Marine Corps, Office of Manpower Utilization in their preparation for Task Analysis projects, the first step in a research program aimed at increasing the effectiveness of the Marine Corps' manpower management program. The guide is designed to provide basic orientation to…

This report summarizes three recent studies conducted by the Bureau of School Programs Evaluation of the New York State Education Department that sought to identify relationships between various school factors and student performance in reading and mathematics. The studies utilized three different research strategies. The Regression Study…

This evaluation report is one of 17 planned for the longitudinal pilot study of the implementation in kindergarten and grade 1 of the Comprehensive School Mathematics Program (CSMP). In this report, the purpose and design of the classroom observation phase of evaluation are described; schedules of observation and a sample observation form are…

This document is an internal proposal for the Intravisitation Program, to be added to the Fordham Advocacy Community Organizer Teacher Training Program. The underlying rationale for the program is that observation of creative and well-planned lessons would be of invaluable service to trainees. The intravisitation schedule would evolve after…

A guide for developing educational criterion measures is presented. Subjective evaluations are at best highly variable and conflicting. Specification of objectives precedes selection of criterion measures. The criterion measures presented are intended for evaluation of programs, not pupils. Frequently multiple criterion measures are necessary to…

A 12-category instrument was developed for describing verbal interaction among students working in small groups in the biology laboratory. Seventy-five student laboratory groups were tape recorded. Data were collected while the students worked on two different laboratory activities, and group laboratory reports were collected at the end of each…

The purpose of this study was to find out whether systematic evaluation feedback to teachers would result in: (1) development of more favorable attitudes toward evaluation, as measured by Teacher Attitudes Toward Evaluation (TATE), and increased teacher use of a variety of curricula and materials, (2) greater correspondence between teachers'…

A study was designed 1) to develop and test a conceptual model for viewing teacher-pupil communicative relationships in the classroom, 2) to determine if systematic observations of teacher behavior are useful in analyzing communication events, and 3) to determine if data on teacher nonverbal and verbal behavior are more useful than on verbal…

A method of interaction analysis in which the individual student is the unit of analysis in classroom studies is needed to complement traditional studies treating the class as the unit. Such a method would add information concerning intra-class variation in teacher-pupil interaction patterns. Treatment of the studied are properly conceptualized as…

This paper holds that the "supervisory" function should be basically one of teaching teachers rather than evaluation of teaching styles, with the consultant on teaching guiding a teacher in the systematic analysis and modification of his teaching performance through a systematic decisionmaking process. In the first half of this paper supervisory…

In this study designed to compare the relative pacifying properties of horizontal and vertical rocking, 13 infants (mean age--58 days) were each tested on two subsequent days. The rocking device was a cradle that could be manipulated to produce side-to-side rocking similar to a commercial cradle or up-and-down rocking. In its up-and-down mode, the…

This study was interested in determining whether (1) novelty produces greater or less attention than familiarity and incongruity, and (2) if children's labeling behavior was related to their attentive behavior. Using 3- to 5-year-old children, the results indicate that attention, at least for the stimuli presented, is an increasing function from…