Sixteen mothers, fathers, and their four- to seven-year- old children (eight with Down's syndrome [DS], eight without disabilities) were observed interacting in their homes during three family groupings: (1) mother and child, (2) father and child, and (3) mother, father, and child. (Author/MCD)

Examined couples' and observers' perspectives of marital interaction. Nondistressed (N=10) and distressed (N=6) couples and objective observers (N=10) evaluated couples' interactional behaviors. Spouses' ratings of their partners' behavior were not consistent with observers' ratings of partners' behaviors but were consistent with observers'…

Skills necessary for scientific study that correspond to the cognitive development of the elementary age child, and specifically the gifted student, are discussed. Attention is directed to observation, problem finding and question asking, seeing relationships, note taking, sustaining interest and perseverance, and hypothesizing. (SEW)

Participant-observation was used to evaluate the social behavior of 20 visually handicapped juniors and seniors in a residential school for the blind. Analysis revealed that the behavior observed was fairly typical of social behavior expected by sighted adolescents in any school setting. (Author/SW)

This study, an approach to controlling "acting out" behaviors of handicapped children in elementary schools, compares the effectiveness of an operant strategy and a cognitive strategy in modifying the behavior of a seven-year-old hyperactive boy. (Author/PN)

Results of interviews with and observations of 25 master social studies teachers indicated that elementary teachers do not like teaching social studies, the back to basics movement has pushed social studies even further out of the curriculum, and elementary teachers have poor backgrounds in the social studies. (RM)

Some of the findings of a longitudinal study of three infants between their 11th and 22nd months to document development of linguistic expression of the agent concept indicated that first vocalizations were inconsistently associated with nonverbal agentive behaviors and later mature utterances coded agent-action-recipient events. (MC)

Presents results of study conducted at Physical Sciences Library, University of California, Davis, employing unobtrusive observation techniques to determine user browsing activity. Tables indicating circulation, observed browsers, total browsers, books removed, books replaced, time duration, and browsing frequency by time of day are appended. (EJS)

Responds to criticisms from the preceding article that writing process research, specifically that of the author, has not extricated itself from pedagogy and the classroom. (HTH)

To address the need for objective evaluation of parent-child interactions, the investigators created a taxonomy of interactional behaviors used by parents and preverbal/early verbal children. Based on statistical analysis, the taxonomy was shortened to include only those objective behaviors that were highly correlated with the overall subjective…

Reports three studies which assess bias on the part of aggressive boys to overattribute hostile intentions to peers. After determining the condition under which aggressive attributions are made, the role of selective attention to and recall of hostile cues in biased attribution was investigated. Additionally, peer-directed aggressive behaviors…

Twenty-nine child/caregiver pairs were observed in a public park without adults' knowledge. Interdependence of children's exploration and ability to walk, effect of age on frequency and length of explorations, and time spent by children of different ages in the vicinity of their caregivers are discussed. (Author/RH)

In replies to two critiques of his 1980 article, appearing in the fall 1982 issue of "Educational Administration Quarterly," the author first questions the notion that all organizations must meet certain requirements to survive and, second, denies that structured observation research on school administrators is "neo-Taylorism."…