The Internet was designed as an open system that promoted the two-way flow of information. In other words, everything that is sent has a return address called an IP or Internet Protocol address of the form: 000.11.222.33. Whenever you connect to a website, the site learns your IP address. It also learns the type of computer you are using, the…

This booklet is both an executive summary of "Geography for Life: National Geography Standards 1994" and an introduction to geography as an essential part of every child's education, and as an integral part of the lives of all U.S. citizens. The publication is illustrated on every page with photographs, paintings, graphs, and maps. It…

This paper describes the physiological "eye noise" effect of line contrast in maps and considers the effect of line contrast on the direct picture of terrain surface as produced by shaded relief. An attempt is made to describe map reading in its two major steps: 1) the enrichment of the brain image resulting from scanning the map sheet,…

The frequent reference by geographers and cartographers to 'the language of maps' is made precise by clarifying ways in which maps and other formulations of geographic information constitute a language. Aspects of this language are identified, and emphasis is placed on the use of linguistic concepts for study of models of geographic information…

Provides examples of distorted maps drawn by people from various times and countries. Argues that maps can be culturally confining and can reinforce ethnocentricity. States that exposure to many cartographic perspectives can help a person overcome ethnocentric cultural conditioning. Includes activities and questions for promoting cartographic…

Defines cognitive mapping and describes an exercise that adapts methods applied by geographers conducting advanced research in environmental cognition in order to help students think about their perceptions of the spatial organization of a well-known environment. Instructor's and students' tasks are identified and sample handouts are included.…

This paper addresses the library collection development of spatial information in cartographic format. Highlights include: the impermanent nature of maps; changes in spatial information creation, storage, processing, and management resulting from developments in computer-based information technology; steps required to download the digital version…

Columbus sighted Jamaica during his second voyage and was marooned there for more than a year during his fourth. The succession of early maps of Jamaica betrays its slow development and its unimportance to early colonizers. Modern tourism is the elusive "gold" which the Spanish fortune hunters did not find. (CS)

Discusses developments in the application of computer and microform technologies to the storage and management of large map collections, including online cataloging systems, digital databases, videodiscs, microfilm, and the role of map librarians. A bibliography lists more than 70 sources. (FM)

Describes Make-a-Place (MAP), a creative activity for developing map literacy in which students imagine a hypothetical place and draw a map of it. (PRA)

Structures of multiple education and knowledge systems can be recreated in maps, in a social cartography where the space of the social map reflects effects of social changes in real space. Such maps allow social research to escape from modernism's positivist restraints, improve comparative educators' understanding of the social milieu, and open…

Examines the socially constructed, arbitrary nature of maps and the limits and possibilities of this form of representation, focusing on Appalachia and Appalachian Studies. Describes "low-tech" and participatory mapping strategies that may be used by communities to produce their own representations of place, useful for…

Explores developmental disabilities using a post-disciplinary approach through social construction and metaphors drawn from social cartography. Considers how the cartographies drawn by special education and other human services practices provide a rationale for continued dehumanization and oppression. (Contains 178 references.) (Author/SLD)

Explains how science can be integrated with travel. Provides examples including flight paths, effects of the jet stream, and varying degrees of longitude. (YDS)

Value-by-area maps, or cartograms, provide a curiosity-provoking method of depicting geographically related data. The use of cartograms for learning such data involves a learner's familiarity with the region depicted and the distortion of true, earth-centered scale. To examine the effects of region familiarity and region distortion on learning…