We present mathematical learning models--predictions of student's knowledge vs amount of instruction--that are based on assumptions motivated by various theories of learning: tabula rasa, constructivist, and tutoring. These models predict the improvement (on the post-test) as a function of the pretest score due to intervening instruction and also…

Relations between emotions (affect states) and learning have recently been explored in the context of AutoTutor. AutoTutor is a tutoring system on the Internet that helps learners construct answers to difficult questions by interacting with them in natural language. AutoTutor has an animated conversation agent and a dialog management facility that…

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of universally designed (UD) instruction on strategic learning in an online, interactive learning environment (ILE). The research focused on the premise that the customizable, media-based framework of UD instruction might influence diverse online learning strategies. This study…

This handbook is designed to help teacher education students as they learn about the teaching profession and their responsibilities as a student taking teacher preparation course work. It is hoped that the handbook helps them to avoid delays and roadblocks in the pursuit of their goal to become a certified teacher. Since there are several degree…

A longitudinal research study was conducted at a public university in Pennsylvania on a sample of 129 at-risk students from a state-funded program (Act 101) designed to provide support services for economically and educationally disadvantaged students. This research employed a non-experimental, ex post facto methodology to assess the impact of…

The complementary, but distinct, approaches of computer assisted instruction (CAI) and intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) are first summarized, then followed by a collection of papers discussing shared issues toward which these complementary approaches are directed. The purpose of this book is to foster a mutual understanding of shared issues and…

An inservice teacher education course is described in which the objective is to train adults in the use of specific tutoring techniques and procedures for helping a child master any objective that involves stimulus-response learning. Inservice topics covered in the course include selection of appropriate instructional outcomes, pretesting and…

This publication is the second in a series intended to disseminate program ideas tried successfully at one Job Corps Center and of likely interest to other centers. Contained in this issue are materials of value in tutoring math and reading to corps-members whose first language is Spanish. (Author/SK)

This report describes research directed at designing and evaluating computer assisted instructional (CAI) systems capable of inferring structural models of a student's reasoning strategies and identifying his underlying misconceptions. Several prototype systems using representative domains of knowledge were constructed. From these an information…

Reviews some representative literature in man/machine tutorial systems. Student-to-student tutoring, tutoring by proctor, tutoring in programed instruction and with teaching machines, auto/audio/video tutoring, and tutoring with computers are discussed. (RAO)

Whereas existing learning environments on the Web lack high level interactivity, we have developed a human tutor-like tutorial conversation system for the Web that enhances educational courseware through mixed-initiative dialog with natural language processing. The conversational tutoring agent is composed of an animated tutor, a Latent Semantic…

The development of a coding scheme to identify the function of each conversational turn within episodes of conflict in a peer tutoring setting is described, and the scheme, based on Cohen's kappa analysis, is presented. Although 15 codes were developed for the initial effort, 7 codes were finally used to reflect each utterance as: (1) agreement;…

How student proctors are used in individualized tutorial instruction for college teaching. (HB)

SPECIFIC EXAMPLES OF NEW TUTORING TECHNIQUES AND MATERIALS THAT ARE CONSIDERED MORE SENSITIVE THAN CONVENTIONAL METHODS WERE OFFERED IN THIS GUIDE. SOME OF THE METHODS WERE (1) USING COMIC BOOKS, (2) HAVING THE TUTEE CREATE HIS OWN MATERIALS, (3) THE "DEAR ABBY" TECHNIQUE, (4) WRITING A "HIPTIONARY," AND (5) ASKING THE STUDENT…

The guide presents materials to help the teacher set up a peer tutoring system in the classroom. Aspects discussed include the benefits of such a system, which materials adapt to such a system (criteria that can be applied to materials/tasks being considered for it), how to adapt and design materials for such a system (including format issues,…