This review of the literature on peer, cross-aged, and reverse-role tutoring postulates that reverse-role tutoring is an effective intervention for use with students with learning disabilities. Critical components for a successful tutoring project include organization, planned activities, training for tutors, high behavioral expectations, and…

Reexamines the author's 1984 essay "The Idea of a Writing Center." Revisits in particular three relationships: the tutor and the writer; the tutor and the teacher; and the tutor and the institution. (SR)

Presents a new approach to spelling instruction, "cued spelling," that gives children greater control over their own learning. Describes the procedure designed for two individuals working together, whether parent and child or two children. (SR)

Describes evolution of peer support groups in one high school formed in response to the suicide by one of the school's students. Explains role and responsibilities of peer coordinator and the development of the peer tutoring program. Included are discussions of selection and training of peer facilitators, topics, getting started, and group bonding…

Describes a cross-age literacy program involving first- and fourth-grade students. Discusses tutorial activities, subject-matter acquisition activities, reading and creative dramatics activities, and writing and book making activities. Notes that the motivation, enthusiasm, and practice the program provided was more than expected. (RS)

The paper synthesizes and analyzes research on the technique for nonprofessional tutoring of reading known as paired reading. Data from many extant small-scale studies are compared with the very large quantity of new data available from multisite field trials in one British local education authority. (SM)

This study investigated the effectiveness of a cross-age (25 high school tutors and 6 elementary aged tutees) 6-week tutoring program. Findings indicated that all tutees acquired new sight vocabulary words after tutoring, were able to read the words in sentences, and maintained the learning four months later. (DB)

Investigated effects of structured peer tutoring program on social acceptance of students. Paired third and fourth graders perceived as not socially accepted with students rated as well liked. Both served as tutors and tutees. Findings were significant for type of student (liked, disliked). Findings suggest that, regardless of role (tutor or…

Considers the ways writing center personnel have conceptualized teaching and tutoring. Critiques concepts of continuum and dichotomy linking teaching and tutoring. Suggests creating an image of dialectical process. Offers specific examples of the application of such language to a consideration of teaching and tutoring. (HB)

Discusses different ways authority is defined and understood both in the classroom and in the various programs designed to improve student writing. Argues that bringing tutors into the classroom forces teachers to reanalyze their thinking about authority through their interactions with students. (SR)

Discusses intelligent computer-aided learning (ICAL) support systems and considers learner characteristics as elements of ICAL student models. Cybernetic theory and attribute-treatment results are discussed, six components of a student model for tutoring are described, and methods for determining the student's model of the tutor are examined. (22…

Argues for the importance of letting students bring their own literacy networks into the writing center. Describes the benefits of social and cultural interaction between students and their tutors. (PRA)

This review concludes that peer tutoring is a very powerful intervention for special education because it increases students' opportunities to respond, reduces teacher-pupil ratio, individualizes instruction, improves students' social skills, and increases students' academic achievement as well as aiding in the integration of disabled students…

This paper discusses a teaching approach in which children serve as mediators in the delivery of instructional content. It describes programs that have been used effectively with students having academic difficulties, reviews the relative advantages and disadvantages of these methods, and proposes ways to utilize peer-mediated instructional…

Shows how tutorial encounters enact gradations and extremes in the manner of Ernst Cassirer's concept of "word magic." Argues that tutorials in which students try to find the "right words" illustrate the need to make written language commensurate with human thought. Narrates several case studies illustrating these insights. (HB)