This study has three primary objectives. First to provide insight into possibilities for moderation/mediation analysis in education research by discussing analytical methods based on the counterfactual and developed in other disciplines. Second is to highlight specific issues related to mediation and the estimation of effects when the outcome is…

Research around mathematics teachers' professional noticing has been largely contextualised by the formal setting of the classroom. In addressing the lack of relevant studies in non-formal learning environments, this paper draws on student teachers' observations within a Mathematics Fair, which was part of a mathematics methods module of a primary…

Often, mathematics teachers do not incorporate whole-class discourse of students' various ideas and solution methods into their teaching practice. Particularly complex is the in-the-moment decision-making that is necessary to build on students' thinking and develop their collective construction of mathematics. This study explores the…

Pedagogical documentation has been regarded as an important practice in early childhood education (ECE) settings because it provides an opportunity to observe children's learning and help teachers plan for learning experiences. This article focuses on teachers' use of information and communication technology (ICT) in pedagogical documentation in…

Two of the central issues in comparative judgement (CJ), which are perhaps underexplored compared to questions of the method's reliability and technical quality, are "what processes do judges use to make their decisions" and "what features do they focus on when making their decisions?" This article discusses both, in the…

In mathematical whole-class discussions, teachers can build on various student ideas and develop these ideas toward mathematical goals. This requires teachers to make sense of their students' mathematical thinking, which evidently involves mathematical thinking on the teacher's part. Teacher sense-making of student mathematical thinking has been…

This study examined the reliability and validity of the 13-item Classroom Observation Scale as used by teachers and non-clinically trained observers to identify children who more likely than their peers to have autism spectrum disorder in less-resourced preschools. A total of 534 children (ages 2;10 to 4;5, Mean = 3;8) from nine Chinese-language…

This study examines the psychometric properties of the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) in the context of DSM-5 in a sample of Chinese children. Using re-mapped ADI-R items and algorithms matched to DSM-5 criteria, and administering to children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with and without intellectual disability,…

Acquiring observational competences is an important task in early science education. It helps children to make a transition from seeing to observing and developing scientific process skills and science concepts. Outdoor education is seen by many researchers as optimal way for learning about life sciences, therefore ongoing loss of human…

This case study aimed to examine whether slow-motion animation and visual materials provide to enhance mental model developments of preservice science teachers (PSTs). A total of 34 PSTs (16 in visual material group and 18 in slow-motion animation group) participated into the study. A mental model application related to circulatory system subject,…

For the promotion of students' learning in science, teachers must attend to critical classroom situations in which students express their ideas about scientific concepts and methods. The notion of professional vision is used to describe the skill of noticing situations that are relevant for learning and understanding. The present study contributes…

A highly distinctive and structured approach to teacher development, Lesson Study emerged in Japan but has since been adopted much more widely and now sees growing interest in the UK. Tony McConnell, Davinia Daley, Rebecca Levy, Lisa Waddell and Richard Waddington describe the process by which their school first investigated and then adopted…

The purpose of this study is to examine secondary school students' critical reading skills and listening/watching strategies in line with different variables, and to determine whether their critical reading skills have an effect on their listening/watching strategies. The sample of the research consists of 800 students, 380 girls, and 420 boys, in…

Background: The field of mathematics education has made progress toward generating a set of instructional practices that could support improvements in the learning opportunities made available to groups of students who historically have been underserved and marginalized. Studies that contribute to this growing body of work are often conducted in…

This mixed-method, three-phased study examined four early educators' experiences in implementing pedagogical documentation. Pedagogical documentation is a collaborative process between adults and children by which concrete examples of an individual child's thinking are observed, analyzed, interpreted, and then applied to extend the child's…