Over the past 2 decades, research has demonstrated that learner collaboration facilitates second language (L2) acquisition (Lapkin, Swain, & Smith, 2002; McDonough, 2004; Storch, 1998, 2004; Swain & Lapkin, 1998). Adopting a sociocultural perspective (e.g., Swain & Lapkin, 1998), the current study compared the effectiveness of collaborative and…

Deaf and hearing students' knowledge of English sentences containing universal quantifiers was compared through their performance on a 50-item, multiple-picture task that required students to decide whether each of five pictures represented a possible meaning of a target sentence. The task assessed fundamental knowledge of quantifier sentences,…

Cognitive performance is affected by an individual's characteristics and the environment, as well as by the nature of the task and the amount of practice at it. Mental performance tests range in complexity and include subjective estimates of mood, simple objective tests (reaction time), and measures of complex performance that require decisions to…

This study examines the cognitive costs of navigation aids in a hypermedia learning task. In a 2(navigable vs. non-navigable) x 2(map vs. content list) experimental design cognitive requirements were measured by users' eye movement data. Additionally, data from users' navigation operations, knowledge acquisition, and subjective evaluation of the…

This paper presents a brief summary of processability theory as proposed by [Pienemann, M., 1998a. "Language Processing and Second Language Development: Processability Theory." John Benjamins, Amsterdam; Pienemann, M., 1998b. "Developmental dynamics in L1 and L2 acquisition: processability theory and generative entrenchment." "Bilingualism:…

Background: Narratives have been used by a number of researchers to investigate the language of children with specific language impairment (SLI). While a number of explanations for SLI have been proposed, there is now mounting evidence that children with SLI have limited memory resources. Phonological memory has been the focus of the research on…

Phonological awareness (PA) is the ability to analyze spoken language into its component sounds and to manipulate these smaller units. Literature review related to PA shows that a variety of factor groups play a role in PA in Mandarin such as linguistic experience (spoken language, alphabetic literacy, and second language learning), item type,…

This booklet focuses on effective mathematics teaching. Drawing on a wide range of research, it describes the kinds of pedagogical approaches that engage learners and lead to desirable outcomes. The aim of the booklet is to deepen the understanding of practitioners, teacher educators, and policy makers and assist them to optimize opportunities for…

This paper provides a starting point for the systematic design of instruction to integrate environmental education content curricula-wide. In order to facilitate the integration of environmental education into technology programs in particular, the paper addresses each of the following associated issues: (1) lack of agreement as to the relative…

This review of the literature on adaptations in art education for students with disabilities begins with a statement of the theory that if handicapped students' beginning experiences in art are positive and successful, students will have a positive outlook and a desire to create further in art. The review describes the application of task analysis…

Model justified the expectation that the transfer from learning one task to another is linearly dependent on the coefficient of intercorrelation between the two studies when the coefficient was corrected for attenuation. Supportive studies are cited. Regression curves yielded negative intercepts. Testable explanations were offered. (Author/BJG)

The use of a skilled professional negotiator as a consultant or spokesman can assure a college of the most efficient and effective results of bargaining. The specialist can act solely as an advisor and resource person to the administration's bargaining team, or he can be both advisor and chief negotiator. (Author/NHM)

We compared the performance of three heuristics with that of subjects on variants of a well-known combinatorial optimization task, the Traveling Salesperson Problem (TSP). The present task consisted of finding the shortest path through an array of points from one side of the array to the other. Like the standard TSP, the task is computationally…

Children of ages 5 and 8 years were given one of three learning tasks: a component selection problem, in which the two components of the stimuli were redundant and could both serve as functional cues, and two incidental learning tasks, in which one stimulus component was task-relevant and the other was incidental. Results suggest a developmental…